101 years ago today, on January 27, 1924 (December 22, 1923 in the lunar calendar), Yugoslavia ceded Fume to Italy. Fiume, a historically disputed territory between Italy and Yugoslavia, is the old name of Rijeka, Croatia's third largest city and main seaport city. It is located at 45°19 '0 "north latitude and 14°29' 0" east longitude, in the western part of Croatia, bordering the north bank of Kovanel Bay of the Adriatic Sea to the northwest, with an area of 44 square kilometers. The Roman Empire established a settlement here in the 3rd century AD. It was ruled by the Habsburg Dynasty of Austria before 1867 and became a territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire since February 1867. On April 26, 1915, Italy signed a secret treaty with Britain, France, Russia and other countries in London, and decided to side with the Allies to participate in World War I in exchange for post-war access to the Adriatic Sea coast and the Alps hydrographic line. All territory on the Italian side, including a commitment to the sovereignty of Fiume. However, at the London Conference of the Allies in February 1919, Britain, France and the United States refused to fulfill the London Secret Agreement because they were unwilling to strengthen Italy's power in the Mediterranean and the Balkans, so that Italy only received 8,900 square kilometers of land in Trentino and other places. Fume was assigned to the Kingdom of Serb-Croatia-Slovenia (later Yugoslavia). After the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, Italy's hopes of obtaining Fiume were completely dashed. On September 11 of the same year, Gabriel Denanzio, the leader of Italian nationalists and famous poet, led a group of 2,500 veterans and nationalists, under the instigation and sponsorship of Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini, who occupied Fiume the next day and immediately announced its annexation to Italy. On March 6, 1920, in order to resolve the dispute between Italy and Serbia, the Allies temporarily listed Fume as a free state. In November, representatives of the two countries held consultations on territorial issues in the town of Rapallo in Liguria, Italy, and finally signed the Treaty of Rapallo. Italy declared its willingness to waive its claims to Dalmatia, except for Zara (present-day Zadar, Croatia) and some islands, and recognized the Provisional Free State Government established by the Allies in Fum and its surrounding areas. However, after the treaty was announced, Deng Nanzhe refused to withdraw his troops. In December, the Italian government was forced to order a shelling of Fume and disperse the volunteers stationed in the city. Since then, negotiations between Italy and Serbia on territorial issues have been deliberately delayed by the Allies. On January 27, 1924, 1 Italy used census data to show that the Italian majority in the Free State of Fium, forced the Kingdom of Serbia-Croatia-Slovenia to hold negotiations again, and signed the unequal Treaty of Rome on January 24, annexing Fium. After the founding of Yugoslavia in 1929, territorial disputes between the two countries became even more intense, and armed conflicts continued until the end of World War II. On February 10, 1947, 20 victorious countries including the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union and the five former Axis powers of Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania and Finland jointly signed the Paris Peace Treaty in Paris, France. The Fiumsulia Peninsula was officially transferred to Yugoslavia, renamed Sprit, and later Rijeka. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1991, it belonged to the Republic of Croatia and was the political, economic and cultural center of the country's Seamount Province.