John Tang

Tang was appreciated by court officials for his knowledge of mathematical astronomy. Shortly after his arrival in Beijing, he successfully predicted a lunar eclipse on October 8, 1623.

Tang Ruowang is a figure that cannot be ignored in the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West, the history of Christianity in China, and the history of science and technology in China. With his pious belief, profound knowledge, and outstanding talents, he established his important position in the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West. He has been in China for more than 40 years and experienced two dynasties: the Ming and Qing Dynasties. He was one of the most important Jesuits since Matteo Ricci came to China.

He inherited the strategy of Lishi's missionary through science, and made many contributions to the revision of the calendar of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the manufacture of artillery. Today's lunar calendar in China is the "modern lunar calendar" modified by Tang Ruowang on the basis of the lunar calendar used in the frontier of the Ming Dynasty. He also wrote religious works such as "Monarchy of Groups" and "Origin of Bishops". With his tireless efforts, he has achieved indelible results in the eastward spread of Western learning.

Judging from the general trend, in the 1920s and 1930s, the study of Tang Ruowang was an important period. A discussion about Tang Ruowang published in the 1980s had an enlightening effect and required more in-depth, detailed and comprehensive research.

During Tang Ruowang's time in China, there were only seven or eight kinds of writings on religion, including those written by him, translated and edited by him, or edited by him. In total, there were only seven or eight kinds, namely, "The Image of the Book", "The Origin of the Bishop", "The Origin of the Bishop", "The Origin of the Bishop", "The Origin of the Blessing", "The Diary Essays of Chong Yi Church", "The Origin of the Heart", "The Origin of the Soul" and "The Book of the Church of Our Lady". Among them, "The Origin of the Bishop" and "The Origin of the Bishop" were his efforts in this regard.

The Ruler of the Swarm is a catechism that argues the existence of God from a philosophical point of view. It is not only a powerful work on religious theory by Tang, but also expounds many important phenomena and phenomena in nature. The original titles of the book "Ruler of the Swarm" were "On the Wisdom of God" and "On the Immortality of the Soul". The whole book is divided into two parts: "On the Volume" and "Under the Volume". The second part was translated by Wei Kuangguo. The book was engraved in Jiangzhou, Shanxi Province in 1629, because Tang Ruowang happened to go to Shaanxi to preach at that time.

In describing the laws of nature, this book says: "There is nothing in the universe that does nothing, and there is nothing that does nothing in chaos. Although the body and temperament, all kinds of differences, or each other, are different, then this is the opposite, and justice and beauty are based on it. The bandit does not damage the whole!" The book enumerates more than 20 kinds of things in astronomy, geography, and biology as evidence to prove that God does exist. He believes: "Everything, according to its nature, avoids harm and protects itself, and tends to its own direction." Through the general description and analysis of natural phenomena in various aspects such as heaven, air, earth, sea, and man, he fully demonstrates his view that everything in the universe is arranged by the extraordinary power of the Creator. His argument is rich in philosophy.

It is worth noting that, from a medical perspective, the knowledge of human anatomy he introduced in "The Master Group" provided one of the earliest information about Western medicine during the process of Western medicine's eastward expansion.

The book "The Origin of the Bishops" (ber den Ursprung des Christentums), first published in the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, that is, in 1643, was inscribed in Beijing. Its content is mainly about the origin of Catholicism. The material is basically based on the historical sources introduced in the Old Testament of the Bible. The book is divided into four volumes: the first volume mainly argues for the existence of God from a philosophical point of view. The second volume deals with the human soul and body. The third volume deals with the reward and punishment of people after death. The fourth volume deals with the birth of the Virgin Mary and the birth of Jesus.

Tang only participated in the revision of the two books "Soul Dao Ti Shuo" and "Ai Jin Xing Quan Quan". The previous book was written by Long Hua Min. Tang Ruowang revised it together with Franz Furtado (Fu Tizhai) and Luo Yagu to mainly explain the mutual relationship between human soul and body. The latter book is the original work of Luo Yagu, which Tang Ruowang co-wrote with Long Huamin and Gao Yizhi.

"ber die acht Seligkeit", also known as the "Blessed Classics", is mainly explained based on the fifth part of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It explains the contents of the eight aspects of true blessing in plain language, such as people's pursuit and misunderstanding of true blessing, where true blessing is in the world, and finally clarifies that believing in Jesus is the way to seek truth.