Yuan Wenzong Tutiemur

On February 16, 1304, Tutierbur, the eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, was born.

character brief introduction

He was the eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. He reigned twice, the first from October 16, 1328 to April 3, 1329; he was later restored, and the second reigned from September 8, 1329 to September 2, 1332. He reigned for a total of 4 years. He was the second son of Yuan Wuzong.

In the time of the British Emperor, Tutthamur was exiled to Qiongzhou, Hainan. After Emperor Taiding ascended the throne, he was summoned back to Beijing, and King Huai of Jin was sealed. He lived in Jiankang, Jiangling and other places.

In July (1328), the first year of Zhihe, the change of the Tianli calendar, Emperor Taiding died. Tutyur was known as Yan Timur, a member of the Privy Council, and Yan Timur supported him as the emperor in Dadu (present-day Beijing). He defeated the court of Emperor Tianshun, and the world was stable.

After the death of Emperor Taiding, Yan Timur, a member of the Privy Council who stayed behind in Dadu, planned to establish King Zhou and Shili, the eldest son of Wuzong, as emperors. Later, Lu Yuan was used to establish Tutyur, or Wenzong, and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Tianli. In September of that year (1328 AD), the aristocrats of Xanadu supported the youngest son of Emperor Taiding as emperor, established the name Tianshun, and marched into Juyong Pass. Yan Timur, a literary sect, fought and defeated his opponent, making Mingzong ascend the throne in Mobei.

In August of the second year of Tianli (1329 AD), Wenzong and Yan Timur poisoned Mingzong to death at a banquet, and Wenzong was restored to his throne.

During the reign of Wenzong, he sent troops twice to attack the rebellion of Mongolian aristocrats in Sichuan and Yunnan.

Yan Tiemu'er to support the merit, good at power, licentiousness, become Wenzong when the problem.

In August 1332 AD, Wenzong died of illness. Before his death, he regretted murdering his brother, confided his true feelings, and ordered the establishment of Mingzong's son to redeem himself. After his death, he was buried in Niangu and awarded the posthumous title of Emperor Wenzong Shengming Yuanxiao.

Emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty died in September 1332 at the age of 29. His temple name was Wenzong, posthumously named Emperor Yuanxiao of the Ming Dynasty, and his honorific name (Khan name) Zhadu Khan.

Main achievements

During his reign, he founded Kuizhang Pavilion and edited the "Classic Book", which was quite interested in promoting cultural governance. Yuan Dynasty official revision of political books. Also known as "Dynasty Classic Book". In the first year of Yuan Wenzong Zhishun (1330), the Kuizhang Pavilion Bachelor Academy was in charge of compiling, Zhao Shi was appointed president, and Yu Ji was appointed vice president. It was completed in May of the following year. The book is 880 volumes, with twelve volumes of catalog, one volume of public slips, and one volume of compilation and revision. According to the "Preface to the Great Canon of the World" recorded in the "Yuan Wen Class", the book is divided into ten chapters: four chapters on monarchical affairs, namely the emperor's name, the emperor's training, the emperor's system, and the emperor's system, with the Mongol Bureau responsible for the compilation; six chapters on ministers, namely the government code, the Fu code, the ritual code, the political code, the constitutional code, and the work code, each of which is divided into several items.

The style of the book refers to the key points of the Tang and Song dynasties, and there are some innovations. For example, the work code is divided into palace, government, warehouse, city, bridge, river canal, suburban temple, monastery, Taoist palace, Luteng, weapons, halogen book, jade work, metalworking, carpentry, milling work, masonry, silk work, leather work, felt, painting and sculpture, and various craftsmen. Twenty-two items are mostly absent from the Tang and Song dynasties. Before the main text of each article, there are narratives explaining its content outline, or the cause of change, or the purpose of establishment, which is convenient for readers to understand. This method of compilation is also better than the Tang and Song dynasties. It is based mostly on the official documents of China, Korea and other countries, but the Mongolian literal translation is changed to Chinese classical Chinese, and the official words in the official documents are deleted.

In terms of culture, Wenzong made great contributions. He attached great importance to cultural governance and made great contributions to the development of culture. During his reign, he established Kuizhang Pavilion and compiled the "Jingshi Da Dian", which provided a valuable asset for the study of the history of the Yuan Dynasty. However, Emperor Wenzong advocated Buddhism and went to extremes. First, the standards of the emperor's teachers were too high. Second, some disciples relied on their power and committed evil. Third, they did indiscriminately do Buddhist things at huge cost. Fourth, Buddhists interfered in court affairs. Fifth, they established the Guangjiao General Administration Office to govern the affairs of monks and nuns. There were 16 institutes in the country, with "ranking three grades." Monks and nuns are exempt from all taxes, while other religions follow the ancestral system. At that time, the political power of the Semu people in the court was weakened, while the power of the Kipcha bureaucracy increased greatly. Yan Tiemu 'er was arbitrary in power, and political affairs were decided by him, resulting in sharp conflicts within the aristocratic ruling group.

Tutyabur was exiled to Hainan

After 34 years in power, Kublai Khan passed the throne to his grandson Tiemur, namely Yuan Chengzong due to the death of Prince Zhenjin. However, Yuan Chengzong, who had been in power for 13 years, had no successors, and he could only find successors from close branches of the royal family. Among them, Chengzong's second brother, Dalambala, two sons, Haishan and Aiyu Libali Bada, were the most vocal, and they were also supported by the Right Prime Minister Harahasun. However, Empress Bruhan, who held the power of government, disagreed, because the Haishan brothers were not enthusiastic about themselves, and it was still unclear whether they would be able to obey themselves after inheriting the throne in the future. They sent Haishan to guard Mobei, and Aiyu Li Bali Badak was demoted to Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan Province). However, Haishan eventually ascended the throne and inherited the throne, namely Yuan Wuzong, with the support of the Right Prime Minister Harahasun and his younger brother Aiyu Libali Bada. Because he received the strong support of his brother when he ascended the throne, Wu Zong established an alliance that "brothers and sisters will last together" and "uncles and nephews will inherit each other." Four years later, Wuzong died of illness, and his younger brother Aiyu Li Bali Bada ascended the throne as Yuan Renzong. However, Yuan Renzong did not want to pass the throne to Heshi, the eldest son of Wuzong, so he granted him the title of King of Zhou, used him to guard Yunnan, and made his son Shuodebala the the crown prince. Because of his anger, He Shi gathered a crowd to revolt halfway through the road. As a result, he was suppressed and had no choice but to flee to the Altai Mountains in northern Mobei. Nineteen-year-old Shuodebala succeeded to the throne as Yuan Yingzong.

After Yingzong ascended the throne, the contradiction between the two major political forces within the court became clear again: on the one hand, the Empress Dowager Daji, who "threatened the three dynasties", and Tiemu Dier, the right prime minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs, who "arranged his minions to shake the people and the people." They represented the vested interests of the old aristocrats such as Mongolia and Semu; on the other hand, Yingzong, who was "young and vigorous", and the left prime minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs, who advocated "governing the world through Confucianism." They advocated reforming the status quo and implementing the" Han Law." Tiemu Dier, who was supported by the Empress Dowager,"cherished his own interests and created conflicts with his own flesh and blood, and all kings and ministers were in danger." People compare him to Ahema in the era of Kublai Khan."The History of the Yuan Dynasty" lists Tiemu Dier among the treacherous officials, and the "Chronicle of the Yuan Dynasty" also contains a single volume titled "Tiemu Dier's Trails." In May of the first year of Zhizhi (1321), Tiemu Dier instigated the Central Government envoy to bite on the United Kipcha Platform and report that Tuohuancha 'er and other princes, who were known for the salt transportation of Zhejiang, were about to plot evil, and said that Tutyur was involved in this matter. Yingzong was originally appointed as the crown prince by his father who violated his oath. He was very sensitive to "conspiracy", so he exiled Tutyapur to Qiongzhou (now Haikou, Hainan).