Today, 140 years ago, on June 9, 1885, (April 27, 1885), the New Covenant of China and France was signed. On June 9, 1885, (April 27, 1881), Li Guangzhou and the French Ambassador to China, Bernard, signed the Ten Clauses of the Treaty of Vietnam in Tianjin. The main contents were: the Qing Dynasty recognized the treaty concluded between France and Vietnam; on the Vietnamese border designated two places of commerce, "one over the victory, one north of the cold mountain", French merchants can live here, the French government can also set up a consul here; the goods transported into the southern and wide-western borders should be taxed, "in accordance with the current trade tariffs reduced"; China built railroads, "from the French industry to