Today, 144 years ago, on 20 September 1881 (Calendar 1881 ¨C 27 July 1881), President Garfield was assassinated and Vice President Arthur became President of the United States. On 20 September 1881, due to the assassination of President Garfield, Vice President Chester Allen Arthur was suddenly nominated as the twenty-first President of the United States because of the Republican struggle. When Vice President Chester Allen Arthur (Chester Alan Arthur, 5 October 1830 ¨C 18 November 1886) was assassinated for less than four months, Arthur soon entered the presidential throne of reform. He ruled for more than three years, pursuing some of the ¡°clearest¡± policies, such as abolishing the ¡°split¡± system, the system of officials who signed the document, and a number of years of anti-discrimination against a French wife. After