Schwan Schwann Theodor was born in Nois on December 7, 1810, and died in Cologne on January 11, 1882. German physiologist, one of the founders of cellular science, is widely regarded as the founder of modern organology (the study of the structure of animal and plant tissue).

Schwan was taught at the Universities of Bonn, Würzburg and Berlin, and obtained a doctorate in medicine at the University of Berlin in 1834. He worked with Johannes Peter Muller from 1834 until he moved to Belgium in 1838. He was appointed professor of anatomy at the University of Rouen (1838¨C1847) until his death.

Schwan¡¯s first experiment in Berlin was the problem of muscle contraction. He proposed that mechanical contraction did not have to be explained by any theory of vitality¡ªwhich contradicts Miller¡¯s teaching. This view of mechanical philosophy was later reversed by his successors in Berlin, Emil du Bois-Reymond and Herman von Helmholtz, who developed mechanical contraction in a fruitful way. Schwan also did some experiments that overthrew the natural philosophy that resurrected in the mid-1930s. In 1836 he discovered the involvement of fermentation-necessary fermentation bacteria in his experiments on corruption and fermentation, and Charles Cagniard de la Tour discovered this problem independently. In the same year Schwan also discovered the digestive enzyme (protein

Of course, Schwan¡¯s most memorable achievement and most important work is his ¡°Mikiosko-pische Untersuchungen¡± (Mikiosko-pische Untersuchungen; Mic-roscopical Researches, 1839) which for the first time systematically outlines the most important viewpoint of all aspects of modern biology: animals and plants are made up of cells. Mat-thias Schleiden also argues that ¡°the structure of cells may be quite widespread, a general principle of all organic structures.¡±

In 1838, Schrödinger proposed that all plant tissues are composed of nucleated cells. Schrödinger used the newly introduced discolored microscopy to continue to study tissues taken from several different animals. He speculated that fibrous conductors were not directly composed of molecules but of cells. He viewed the cell formation process as crystallization of several molecules. The cells were not formed by other cells, but were condensed by the intercellular fluid ¡°nutrition¡±. One more misguided view was that the cellular material, the Schrödinger cell embryo (cytoblastema), was unstructured.

Despite these errors, the cell theory was soon accepted and soon corrected. In 1841 Robert Remak first described cell division, in 1855 Rudolf Virchow was able to propose his new doctrine: ¡®All cells come from cells.¡¯ The view of cell embryos was, of course, also modified to be renamed protoplasm, and in 1861 Max Schultze proved it had clear properties and structure.

Despite these achievements, his fermentation findings were severely criticized by the chemistry authorities of the time, such as Jus-tus von Liebig and Friedrich Wohler. Especially after the two published an article on an attack in 1830, he felt it impossible to continue working in Germany. He carefully performed his professional duties in Belgium and invented some of the equipment that was beneficial to the mining industry. However, his most outstanding contribution to physiology had actually ended until the results of Pasteur¡¯s research in the 1960s became public.

One of the founders of cell science.