Robert Bruce (Roibert a Briuis, Scottish: Raibeart Bruis, July 11, 1274 ¨C June 7, 1329) was an important king in Scottish history, King Robert I, who led the Scots to defeat the English army and secure the kingdom's independence.

Robert Bruce was born in a Scottish nobility family, his father ancestor of Scottish-Norman (French Viking descendants), followed by conqueror William from Normandy to Britain, and his mother ancestor was a Scottish Gaelic. In 1292 in the disputed succession of the Scottish throne, his grandfather, Anandar V, the "competitor" Robert Bruce, was one of the main campaigners, but failed in the competition. After refusing to swear to the victorious political enemy and avoiding being caught, the "competitor" Robert Bruce announced his withdrawal from the political arena. The next day, the "competitor" son, Richard Carver, King Robert I, also gave the place to his son, Prince Robert Bruce.

In 1297, when the Scottish independence movement broke out, Robert Bruce received an emergency letter asking for his support for the army of Edward I, but he took the opportunity to react to the uprising. His personal organized uprising was subsequently suppressed, and his daughter was also threatened to be taken hostage into England, but later that year, the Scots won the role of the Staling Bridge under William Wallace, and Robert was again active.

Edward defeated the Scottish rebel leader William Wallace in the Battle of Falcock in 1298, Wallace withdrew from the Patriarchate, and Robert became one of the two successors. But the other successor, John Cumming, was also the spouse of the original Scottish throne rival Barrio family, which could not cooperate, and in 1299, Robert officially retired from the Patriarchate and then turned to Edward again.

In 1305, Wallace was arrested and executed, and the Scottish independence movement was temporarily suspended. But Robert, as a nobleman who had the status of heir to the Scottish throne, was still unable to deal with another Scottish nobleman, John Cumming. John Cumming had extensive relationships between the Scottish nobles, had the same right to inherit the throne, and was considered to be more firmly opposed to the rule of England. In 1306, the two broke out in a conflict in a church, and Robert killed each other, and soon later independently crowned the king (because this was a crime in the church and was excommunicated). But under the repression of Edward I, his lead independent movement failed, and after a defeat in the battle, escaped from Scotland's homeland to

In July 1307, when Edward I died of illness and was inherited by the incompetent Edward II, Robert took this opportunity to return to Scotland in February of the following year to lead the movement for independence again, and began to continuously win guerrilla battles, seizing the positions and even castles occupied by England. In March 1309, Robert organized his first congress, in 1310, the Scottish clergy decided to recognize him as King of Scotland, and in 1313, Robert also sent his subordinate James Douglas into northern England to attack each other's homeland, but until eight years later, in 1314, Robert always avoided confrontation with the English army in the open ground.

In 1314, the battle between the Scottish and English armies at Bannockborne was a decisive victory, which was a major turning point in the Scottish independence movement, and since then, although the two sides still fought, the basic victory had tended to be on the side of the Scots.

In 1320, the pope began to recognize Robert's status and withdrew the order to remove the clergy, and in 1328 Edward III, the heir of Edward II, signed an agreement with Bruce to recognize the sovereignty of the kingdom of Scotland.

Robert died in 1329 and was honored by the Scots as a national hero.

Robert Bruce and Isabella.

The widely known "spider web story", in one version the protagonist is Robert Bruce. Because of his life experience of turmoil, in the process of initially crowned the king and resisted Edward I suffered a disaster and had to go off the sea to escape, there are rumors that when he saw a spider in the storm network, although repeatedly failed and did not give up, finally succeeded, so greatly encouraged and determined to East Mountain again.

Robert Douglas, who has been called the "brave heart" in his late years, because he felt he had repeatedly rejected his allies for the benefit of his family and used his blood in the church, was determined to launch the Crusade to cleanse his sins, but he himself was sick and unable to follow the expedition, namely to command his loyal servant James Douglas to lead the army with a chain of silver ashes bound to his neck, and to ask for his heart to be removed after his death. Robert Douglas, after his death in the box, was faithfully welcomed by King Assuero XI of Catalonia, and after his death, Douglas ever moved to Scotland, where he shouted to the front of the army of Will Rogers, or to the heart of the war, or to the heart of the courageous

The heart of Robert Bruce was brought back to Scotland by Douglas's friend William Keith and buried at the Monastery of Melros.

Review: The brave heart, the defeat of Henry de Bohun is very nice, and so is the legendary giant.