The Lisbon Treaty officially entered into force on 1 December 2009 and opened the ¡°new era¡± of the European Union. When the Czech President Klaus signed the Lisbon Treaty, the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso, signed the Treaty on 13 December 2007 by the Heads of the European Union in Lisbon, followed by the ratification by the Member States. After the ratification of the Treaty, the Treaty entered into force in January 2009, the informal summit of the European Union in Lisbon, the Portuguese capital, adopted the new Treaty, namely the Lisbon Treaty. The Treaty was signed on 13 December 2007 by the Heads of the European Union in Lisbon, followed by the ratification by the Member States. But the process of ratification by the Chairman of the Reform Committee was much more difficult than expected, until November 2009, when the President