166 years ago today, on December 2, 1859 (November 9, 1859 in the lunar calendar), Brown, the white representative of the United States who opposed black slavery, died. In May 1800, John Brown was born in Torrington, Connecticut, to a white farmer's family. His father, Owen Brown, was a staunch abolitionist. Brown spent his childhood in the mountains of the northern United States. Later, he worked as a cobbler and ran a sheep farm. The tragic experience of black slaves he heard and witnessed aroused his great hatred of slavery. In the American Revolutionary War, blacks made great contributions. However, after the Revolutionary War, they were not liberated, and blacks were excluded from many industries, without the right to vote, and unable to serve in the militia. In 1793, the U.S. government enacted the Fugitive Slave Pursuit Act, which stipulated that as long as the slave owner showed a certificate at the place where the fugitive slave was arrested, the local officials would return the fugitive slave to the original owner. Many free blacks in the north were kidnapped to the south under the pretext of "arresting fugitive slaves". From the 1820s, calls for the abolition of slavery stirred the North American continent. Workers, peasants, bourgeois *-ists have all been thrown into the torrent of struggle. Slave liberation activists founded the Liberator newspaper and the abolition society. They also organized the national secret group "Underground Railroad" to help slaves escape the South and move to Canada or the northern United States. In 1834, Brown organized an abolitionist group and made many black friends. He actively participated in the work of the Underground Railroad, learned about the distribution of blacks, drew a road map for slaves' escape, and studied the heroic deeds of American slave uprisings in the past and the history of black struggles in Haiti and Jamaica. In 1854, southern plantation slave owners sent armed bandits to invade Kansas and forcibly establish slavery there with bayonets. This aroused the opposition of the American people, and a large number of workers and peasants armed themselves and poured into Kansas to have armed conflicts with plantation owners. At this time, Brown was presiding over a station of the Underground Railroad in Virginia. When he heard the news of the bloody battle in Kansas, he immediately sent his five sons to fight there. Soon Brown himself rushed and annihilated a group of enemies at Dutch Henry Ferry. From then on, Brown's name spread all over the world. In order to severely crack down on slavery, Brown decided to launch an armed uprising at Harpas Ferry. On the evening of October 16, 1859, Brown said to his comrades, "Pick up your weapons, and we will march to Harpas Ferry soon." After that, he took the lead and led the uprising team to march to Harpas Ferry. The uprising started smoothly. Later, due to the few responders, unfavorable communication and slow movement, the opportunity was delayed, giving the enemy time to gather local military police from nearby to fight back. On the 18th, after the last fierce battle, the rebel army led by Brown was finally outnumbered and defeated. Nine rebels died; 6 escaped; Brown and other seven people were captured. In the enemy's court, Brown was righteous. He said, "I believe that it is not wrong, but right to work for those despised poor people as I have done. Now, if it is deemed necessary for me to pay my life for a just cause and mix my blood with the blood of my children and the blood of millions of slaves-I agree". Brown wrote his last words before his righteousness: "I, John Brown, now firmly believe that only blood can cleanse this sinful land of its sins. I used to think that I could do this without shedding a lot of blood, but now I think that this is unrealistic." Brown died heroically on December 2, 1859. He gave his life for the cause of black liberation.