176 years ago today, on September 26th, 1849 (August 10th, 1849 in the lunar calendar), Pavlov, the "father of physiology", was born. Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 26, 1849 (September 14 in the old Russian calendar) in a rural priest's family in Ryazan town, central Russia. In 1870, he was admitted to the Department of Biological Sciences of the Department of Physics of Petersburg University, and later studied at the Military Medical Academy. In 1883, he received a doctoral degree in medicine from the Imperial Academy of Medical Sciences. Later, he went to Germany to study under C-Ludwig and R-Heidenhain. Pavlov was erudite and versatile. He studied natural science all his life, especially physiology. He ended the history that the whole human race had never conducted systematic experimental research on physiological processes before him, opened up a new era of experimental research on physiological processes, and became the first physiologist in the world to win the Nobel Prize. In August, 1935, at the age of 86, Pavlov presided over the 15th International Congress and was awarded the title of "Veteran of Physiology in the World". Pavlov's outstanding contributions to physiological research focus on three major fields, namely, blood circulation physiology, digestive physiology and higher neural activity physiology. Pavlov has been engaged in scientific research for more than 60 years, all of which he spent in the physiological laboratory. Even in the early days of the success of the October Revolution, when there was no electricity or water, and all the experimental dogs starved to death, he never stopped his research. Until his death, he was still drafting a future work plan. This respectable old man really fought for science and the people until the last minute of his life. Pavlov passed away, but his scientific research achievements have been benefiting mankind, and his dedication to science will always inspire latecomers. When we commemorate this "father of physiology", we should keep in mind the hope he put forward in a letter to young people who were determined to devote themselves to science before his death. He said, "First of all, we must be gradual, second, we must be modest, and third, we must be enthusiastic, and science requires a person to contribute his life's energy. Only in this way can we live up to the expectations placed on us by the country." Professor of Physiology from 1890 to 1924. His research work can be divided into three stages: from 1888 to 1890, he studied the physiology of circulatory system, explored the effects of drugs and emotions on blood pressure, and clarified the effects of left and right vagus nerves on cardiac activity; After studying digestive physiology, we designed surgical methods such as Papanicolaou's small stomach, which can observe the functions of digestive juice secretion and other functions of unanesthetized animals for life. Published "Lecture Notes on Digestive Gland Function" in 1897; Then, starting from the mental excitement of salivary glands, it moved to the study of higher neural activity, and founded the theory of conditioned reflex. From 1890 to 1930, the physiological mechanism of cerebral cortex and subcortical center activity, functional mosaic of cortex, sleep, causes of neurosis, etc. were studied. It proves that speech function is unique to human beings, and it is conditioned reflex stimulated by words. In 1930, he began to use his theory to explain and treat mental illness. Died February 27, 1936. (Note: Pavlov Ivan Petrovich and Soviet general Dmitry during World War II? Gligoryevich? Pavlov is not the same person)