Thirty-two years ago today, on July 19, 1993 (June 1, 1993 in the lunar calendar), the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan resigned together. In 1993, Pakistan's political arena was full of turbulence and dramatic drama. First, President Ishak Han dissolved the National Assembly and dismissed Sharif as Prime Minister. Then, the Supreme Court ruled that the president's decision was invalid, and the parliament and Prime Minister Sharif were restored. People were quite surprised by the final break between the once close president and prime minister, and the court's ruling was unprecedented. Since then, the development of the situation has become even more unexpected. Just as the president and the prime minister were in a new round of power struggle between the central government and the provinces, they suddenly announced their resignations in the early morning of July 18th and 19th, respectively. In the early morning of July 19th, President Ishak Han held a brief ceremony to announce the dissolution of the National Assembly and the four provincial assemblies; National elections were held on 6 October and provincial council elections on 9 October. It was also announced that Moi Kauleshi, an economist and former vice president of the World Bank, would be the prime minister of the caretaker government. Ishak Khan said: "In order to safeguard the national interests and firmly believe that it will help solve the political crisis, I have decided to voluntarily resign as president." According to Pakistani law, Senate President Vasim Sajjad is acting president. Analysts believe that the president's crown is out of helplessness. The essential reason for his decision is that after the Supreme Court restored Prime Minister Sharif, it weakened the president's position and caused his prestige to drop sharply. In fact, Ishak Khan was unwilling at first. Less than a week after the Supreme Court's ruling, he instructed the governors of Punjab and Northwest Frontier Province to dissolve the local councils, resulting in serious confrontation between the federal government and the two provinces. On June 28th, the Punjab High Court ruled the restoration of the provincial assembly, but within a minute, the pro-presidential provincial governor Altaf Hussain dissolved the assembly again and openly opposed the federal government. For this reason, several contacts between the president and the prime minister broke up in discord, and Pakistan fell into a serious political crisis. Under intense pressure, the president decided to resign. Although Prime Minister Sharif has returned to power, the federal government is actually paralyzed because of the lack of cooperation from the provincial governments and the failure of government decrees. On June 29th, at the joint meeting of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Muslim League led by Sharif passed a resolution to implement federal governance for Punjab, which enjoys certain autonomy, despite the opposition of the opposition party, and appointed an executive officer to take over the powers of provincial governor and chief minister in Punjab. He also issued the resolution in the name of the president. Sharif hopes to regain control of Punjab, his stronghold, and then stabilize the federal government. But Sharif's hopes didn't come true. At the same time, the opposition party, dominated by Benazir Bhutto's People's Party, is making an increasing impact on Sharif. After Sharif's comeback, he expressed his willingness to have a dialogue with the opposition party, but the two sides had different intentions and the dialogue made no progress. July 16th is the day when the opposition party threatened to organize hundreds of thousands of people to conduct a political "Long March" to Islamabad, the capital. Sharif had nothing to do about it. Late at night on July 18th, Sharif made a televised speech to the nation, saying that in view of the attacks of political opponents, he could no longer be in power, so he decided to resign. He also said that he would "engage in an open war" with political enemies on all fronts.