On this day 153 years ago, on September 2, 1872 (July 30, 1872 in the lunar calendar), the International Workers' Association held its congress in The Hague. The United International Workers' Organization established in 1864. The International Workers' Association. After the establishment of the Second International, it was called the First International. K. Marx was one of the founders and de facto leader. It came into being in the late 1850s and early 1860s under the situation of the renewed upsurge of the European labor movement and the movement in *. The practice of struggle against oppression and exploitation has made the proletariat of all countries realize that the scattered struggles in the past often caused them to suffer the same defeat. The proletariat must unite internationally and use the international unity of the proletariat to fight against the international unity of the bourgeoisie. The founding process Poland's uprising against Tsarist Russia in 1863 promoted the founding of the First International. On July 22, 1863, the London Council of the Workers' Federation convened a mass meeting to protest against Tsarist Russia's suppression of the Polish uprising and to support the just struggle of the Polish people. On September 28th, 1864, the British Federation of Trade Unions held a mass meeting at St. Martin's Church in London. The meeting was attended by workers' representatives from France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Ireland, as well as some bourgeois democrats. According to the proposal of British and French workers' representatives, the General Assembly decided to establish an international workers' association and elected a temporary committee with 21 members (this committee was called the Central Committee from October 18, 1864, and was renamed the General Committee in the summer of 1866), and the International Workers' Association was proclaimed. On October 5, 1864, the first meeting of the International Provisional Committee was held to elect members representing various countries, together with the previously elected members, a total of 50 members; The meeting also elected a special committee (sub-committee) composed of 9 people to draft the charter. Marx attended the founding congress of the International and was elected to the temporary committee and the small committee. Marx drafted the Declaration on the Founding of the International Workers' Association and the Provisional Constitution of the Association (discussed and adopted by the Geneva Congress in September 1866, called the Constitution of the International Workers' Association, and revised by the London Congress in September 1871, called the Common Regulations of the International Workers' Association), and adopted at the meeting of the Central Committee on November 1, 1864. The Declaration on the Founding of the International Workers' Association and the Provisional Constitution of the Association embody the Marxist United front thought of the working class, and clarify that the purpose of the proletarian movement is to overthrow capitalism and establish working class political power; It is declared that the basic principle of the labor movement is that the liberation of the working class should be strived for by the working class itself. It is stipulated that all workers' groups are allowed to participate on the premise and conditions of pursuing the common goal, that is, the protection, development and complete liberation of the working class. The organizing principle of the association is democratic centralism. Marx's official position in the International is that of a member of the General Council. In fact, he leads all the work of the General Committee of the Association, is the real leader of the International, and the "soul" of every General Committee. Almost all the documents published by the General Council were written by Marx. F. Engels was elected to the General Council on October 4, 1870. The purpose of the main activity association is to unite the proletariat of the whole world in its struggle against the oppressors. After the establishment of the association, the general committee put the struggle against the enemy in the first place. The association supports the strike struggle of workers in various countries, supports the liberation movements of oppressed nations, defends the Paris Commune and rescues its members, etc., highlighting the proletarian and internationalist nature of the international. Simultaneously and on the premise of the struggle against the external enemy, the General Council of the Association fought internally against various non-proletarian socialist schools, mainly against Proudhonism and Bakuninism. In view of the rampant reactionary forces on the European continent after the Paris Commune and the attempts of the Blanquis far-left to use the International for adventurous activities, the Congress decided to move the General Council to New York. All members of the General Committee have been renewed, and the core is composed of F.A. Zorg, the leader of the North American Federation. The Hague Congress was actually the last congress of the International, and it marked the organizational and ideological victory of Marxism over various petty-bourgeois sectarian socialism. The First International is an important milestone in the history of the proletarian liberation struggle. Marx and Engels spread the thought of scientific socialism to workers of all countries internationally, which promoted the historical process of combining scientific socialism with workers' movements of all countries, made workers of all countries gradually get rid of the influence of various erroneous ideas, and made preparations for Marxism to gain a dominant position in the international workers' movement. The First International was an important stage in the struggle of Marx and Engels for the establishment of proletarian parties in various countries. Under the new historical conditions formed after the Paris Commune, the direct task faced by the workers' movement is to establish mass socialist workers' political parties on the basis of various nation-states. Marx and Engels considered that under the new historical situation, the international organizational form is outdated, and its continued existence will become a shackle of the workers' movement. It is necessary to let the international organizational form retreat to the background and transition to a new organizational form. The International officially announced its dissolution at a conference held in Philadelphia, USA in 1876. Basic security organization for workers worldwide.