68 years ago today, on September 25th, 1957 (leap August 2nd, 1957 in the lunar calendar), the Little Rock Incident broke out in the United States. White youths holding Confederate flags prevent black students from entering school at the school gate. Background of the incident: On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court declared segregation in public schools illegal in accordance with the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This is the first time that the United States has truly declared that black segregation is unconstitutional and illegal. Prior to this, the segregation system of black and white people had long been affirmed and implemented. In almost all public places, blacks were segregated and treated unequally by whites. However, the civil rights that blacks have long been deprived of were not immediately obtained by the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. White people abuse behind their backs, while black students can only bear the incident silently: in early September, 1957, the District Court of Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, announced that nine black students were admitted to the city's public central middle school according to the Supreme Court's decision on abolishing apartheid in public schools in 1954. White racists vehemently opposed the decision. On September 2nd, Forbes, the governor of the state, sent the National Guard in the name of "riot control" to prevent black students from entering school, but it was unsuccessful. On the 23rd, with the connivance of the governor, thousands of racists surrounded the school, beat black journalists and drove away eight black students who enrolled in school. Then there were attacks on blacks in several southern states. The Little Rock incident shocked the whole world. The Eisenhower administration was forced to send more than 1,000 paratroopers to Little Rock on the 24th to "protect" black people from school. With government intervention, local authorities announced the abolition of apartheid in public schools in 1959. At the end of September, 1997, the "9 Warriors of Little Rock" of that year gathered again in the "Central Middle School". Clinton, the current president of the United States, who served as the governor of Arkansas in the late 1980s, attended the gathering. He spoke highly of the fearless spirit of the Nine Warriors who broke through racial barriers. Roger, a history professor at George Mei Sen University, called the "Little Rock Incident" "an important milestone" in the United States' fight against racism. A white youth tried to prevent two black youths from entering Little Rock High School. Arkansas Governor Orville Forbes took all measures within his power to prevent blacks from supporting segregation. Governor Forbes sent a large number of National Guard soldiers and police in an attempt to prevent black students from entering Little Rock. After the incident was exposed in Little Rock, it caused a sensation in the United States. Eisenhower ordered to send 1,000 paratroopers to protect black students. This kind of system forces blacks to receive inferior education and use imperfect public facilities, which makes them suffer endless injuries and insults. On May 17th of this year, the Supreme Court declared in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas: "The principle of 'segregation but equality' must never exist in the field of public education. The implementation of racial segregation in educational institutions is essentially an inequality." As for the racial segregation system in the South, it violates the provision of the Constitution that "the state... shall not... deny anyone equal protection by law" and should be abolished as soon as possible. The "Brown case" judgment was welcomed by the public, but it was strongly resisted by racists. A year after the verdict was pronounced in this case, no public school in the eight southern states has actually desegregated. At the same time, members of Congress from the South jointly issued the Southern Declaration, declaring that the Brown case was a wrong judgment of "abuse of judicial power" and another evil example of "usurpation of legislative authority by the federal judiciary", calling on people to resist the Supreme Court and the Brown case in a "completely legal way". In fact, at the beginning of the founding of the United States, Alexander Hamilton once argued in the Federalist Papers that the Supreme Court had neither a "money bag" nor a "gun barrel" and was "the weakest department among the three branches of government". In other words, if the judgment of the Supreme Court is not recognized and supported, the judicial authority will disappear. Examples of this abound in American history. In the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson even took the lead in resisting the Supreme Court decision and forcibly deported Cherokee Indians from Georgia to the west. In order to implement the "Brown case" judgment, in the summer of 1957, the Little Rock Board of Education selected nine black students, and planned to arrange for them to attend Central Middle School, which only enrolled white students before transferring to the local area in September of that year. All these students have excellent grades and superior intelligence, and are known as the "Little Rock Nine" in history. However, on the eve of school, Arkansas Governor Forbes suddenly made a televised speech, seriously questioning the legality of the Supreme Court's decision, and announcing that he would send the National Guard to the Central Middle School to prevent black students from entering the school. On the opening day of school, the National Guard members arrived as scheduled to block the black students from the school gate. Under the pressure of the federal government, Forbes withdrew the National Guard. However, due to his repeated incitement and connivance, a large number of people hostile to blacks have gathered around the campus. Many thugs began to make trouble, and some black journalists were mistaken for students who were about to enter the school and were brutally beaten. The mayor of Little Rock, who supported racial integration, had to turn to the federal government for help. In fact, Eisenhower also had reservations about the Supreme Court's decision to abolish apartheid, believing that it did not take into account the social conditions and public opinion in the South, and the action was too hasty. Moreover, once the federal troops are transferred into the state, physical conflicts occur, and even lives occur, such as killing women and children, how will the racial integration plan end? What if incidents like Little Rock happen in other cities in the south? Is it necessary to directly implement military control as in the "reconstruction period" after the Civil War? In addition, in Eisenhower's mind, public education is a local affair, and state governments should bear the main responsibility. He must consider whether, once the federal army appears, it will give people handles, violating the taboo that "the federal government must not interfere with state power". After several considerations, Eisenhower finally decided to send troops. First of all, compared with state laws, the federal constitution and laws are the supreme laws. What President Abraham Lincoln has solved with a civil war, and there is no need to make today's presidents hesitate. Secondly, the history of recent years has shown that if the court's order is not implemented, it will only become a piece of waste paper. In Texas, local Black students simply cannot enter public schools because Governor Alan Schivers led the way in refusing to enforce court decisions. Finally, as a former Allied commander-in-chief, Eisenhower witnessed many black soldiers fight bloody battles. Practice has proved that apartheid is an injustice. On September 23, 1957, Eisenhower decided to use "the necessary force to remove obstacles to law enforcement and implement the judgment of the federal court." In a nationally televised speech, he announced: "According to the powers conferred on the President of the United States by the Constitution," I "order all those who obstruct law enforcement to immediately stop or end their resistance and immediately disband". In order to avoid provoking too much confrontation, Eisenhower deliberately sent the 101st Airborne Division, which is prestigious in the eyes of the American people. This unit participated in the Normandy landing, experienced the "Battle of Baden", and made great sacrifices. It is a mighty army. On September 24, 52 planes carrying 1,000 paratroopers arrived in Little Rock and quickly deployed around Central Middle School. The next morning, when the rioters gathered again, they found that the campus had been blocked by the army. Some openly abused the soldiers and threw stones at them. To avoid casualties, the paratroopers tried to lower their bayonets as much as possible, but still injured a few people. On the same day, a man was stabbed by a bayonet, and another person was wounded in the head by the butt of a gun. At 9:25 a.m., the black students were transported to the Central Middle School by military jeep. Paratroopers lined up in a neat queue, bayonets facing outward, escorting nine students all the way to the campus along the steps. The relevant photos were published in newspapers and quickly spread all over the world, which also made the world see the determination of the U.S. federal government to safeguard judicial authority and abolish apartheid. "For the first time in my life, I felt like an American citizen," MinneJean Brown of the Little Rock Nine later wrote in his diary. The next morning, there was no crowd gathering on the streets. Black students entered school normally, and there were no serious accidents. Polls show that 68.4% of Americans support the president's decision to transfer troops. Despite the racist clamor: "Even if the army is used, the president will not win, because the soldiers will not always be stationed in Little Rock". However, the strong determination of the federal government to implement the court's decision has worked. By 1959, many southern schools began to gradually implement black and white co-schooling. Today's Central Middle School is one of the best public schools in the United States. Among the 2,000 students, 52% are black and 42% are white. A mile away from this school, one can see the tombstone of the wife of the Cherokee chief. At that time, because the president confronted the decision of the Supreme Court, she and her clan were forced to migrate, and eventually died of illness. This tombstone and the Central Middle School together carry a past of the rule of law. Although the distance between the school and the tombstone is short, this country has come a long way between the two judgments they symbolize. However, the goal eventually turned into the right direction.