On this day, 70 years ago, on October 1, 1955 (August 16, 1955, the lunar calendar), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established. A reporting page established in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region October 1, 1955 was the founding day of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. On September 28, 1995, the People's Daily published an article written by Saifuding Aizezi recalling the establishment of that year: On September 19, 1949, Premier Zhou Enlai received me and told me that Xinjiang had broken away from the Kuomintang government. At the same time, I also asked for my opinion on the issue of forming the Xinjiang Provincial Government. Prior to this, because the political attitude of the local authorities in Xinjiang was not very clear, I had never talked to the central leading comrades about the establishment of the future Xinjiang provincial government. Therefore, when Premier Zhou Enlai asked for my opinions on the formation of the Xinjiang provincial government, I reported to Premier Zhou Enlai the discussions within the Democratic Revolutionary Party two years ago and suggested that the new provincial government should embody the essence of "autonomy". Premier Zhou Enlai replied: "Autonomy must be achieved. How? What form does my country's national system take? How to solve it? Consider this issue later. But one issue is clear. The People's Republic of China is a unified country composed of all ethnic groups in China." I then asked Premier Zhou Enlai: "What should the name of the government to be established in Xinjiang be?" Premier Zhou Enlai replied: "For now, it is called the provincial government. After you go back, you should first establish a government, arrange your current work, and consider the name issue later." On October 1, the People's Republic of China was established. On October 4, the General Office of the Central People's Government organized a press conference at which I introduced to the capital press the experiences of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang in their struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries. The atmosphere at the venue was very lively. The most concentrated questions were the history of the revolution in the three regions and the future of Xinjiang. I replied: "The revolution in the three districts is the struggle of the people's armed forces in the Ili, Tacheng and Altai districts against the Kuomintang reactionaries and is part of China's new democratic revolution." When talking about Xinjiang's future ownership, I said: "Xinjiang used to be an integral part of China's territory, remains an integral part of China's territory today, and will always be an integral part of China's territory in the future." The reporter applauded warmly for my answer. And I am deeply excited and admired that the capital's press pays so much attention to and understands Xinjiang. On October 13, the General Office of the Central Committee informed me that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had decided on October 12 to establish the Xinjiang Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Wang Zhen serving as secretary and Xu Liqing serving as deputy secretary. On December 17, Peng Dehuai convened the first plenary meeting of the founding meeting of the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government, announcing the formal establishment of the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government, and also discussed and approved the "Current Policy Guidelines of the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government Committee of the People's Republic of China." On the same day, the Xinjiang Military Region also announced its establishment. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China appointed Peng Dehuai as commander of the Xinjiang Military Region and Wang Zhen, Tao Zhiyue and I as deputy commanders. The next day, December 28, a mass meeting was held in Urumqi to celebrate the establishment of the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government and the Xinjiang Military Region, and to welcome Director Peng Dehuai and Deputy Director Zhang Zhizhong. In January 1950, the 14th Government Meeting of the Government Council of the Central People's Government approved the "Current Policy Guidelines of the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government Committee." This policy policy is: 1. Ensure peace in the province and consolidate social security; 2. Achieve military-political unity and military-civilian unity; 3. resolutely implement the ethnic policies stipulated in the Common Program of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; 4. Establish and strengthen the democratic united front of the people of all ethnic groups; 5. Rectify finance and organize tax revenue; 6. Implement land reform; 7. Mobilize and organize people's organizations such as workers, farmers, youth, and women to become powerful pillars of government construction; 8. Implement new democratic scientific and cultural education, advocate the culture and artistic forms of all ethnic groups, popularize national education, improve social education, develop medical and health care work, and eradicate social vices such as opium and gambling; 9. Consolidate and develop China-Soviet friendly relations. On March 4, 1951, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Trial Regulations on Regional Ethnic Autonomy"(draft). At the same time, the Ethnic Affairs Committee of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an outline for soliciting opinions on the "Regulations"(draft). This is one of the major measures taken by our party to implement regional ethnic autonomy after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In early 1952, Wang Zhen came back from a meeting in Beijing and conveyed to me: "Chairman Mao asked you to propose a specific plan for regional autonomy in Xinjiang. "I said: " Let's wait until the central government makes a decision before discussing this matter." Comrade Wang Zhen said: "The Central Committee is listening to your opinions. I think we can talk about our own opinions first." I was very grateful to Chairman Mao Zedong for his trust in me, so after careful thinking, I reported my preliminary ideas in writing to Chairman Mao. In my report to Chairman Mao, I did not mention the issue of "federation" or "joining (or autonomous) republic". I suggested that the name of Xinjiang's provincial-level autonomous units be called "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Government" and put forward my own suggestions on the government's organizational structure and tasks. After the document was formed, I asked Wang Zhen to submit the document to the Standing Committee of the branch for discussion. After discussion by the Standing Committee of the branch, this document was reported to Chairman Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee for instructions from the Central Committee. On August 9 of the same year, Chairman Mao Zedong issued an order announcing the implementation of the "Implementation Outline of Regional Ethnic Autonomy of the People's Republic of China." On August 22, the first and second meeting of people's representatives of all ethnic groups and walks of life in Xinjiang Province was held and the "Resolution on Implementing the Implementation Outline of Regional Ethnic Autonomy of the People's Republic of China was adopted." At this meeting, it was announced that the Preparatory Committee for Regional Ethnic Autonomy in Xinjiang Province was formally established. The chairman of the Preparatory Committee is Paulhan Shahdra, and the deputy directors are Gao Jinchun, me and Anivar Gakulin. On April 2 of the same year, Wang Enmao conveyed the instructions of the CPC Central Committee on the work of regional ethnic autonomy in Xinjiang at the Standing Committee of the Branch: Xinjiang has 13 ethnic groups, of which the Uighurs are the main ones. Therefore, in the process of implementing regional ethnic autonomy, the Uyghurs must take the initiative to take care of other brother ethnic groups. When implementing regional ethnic autonomy, we must not only take into account the current living conditions of each ethnic group, but also take into account the conditions for their future development. Regarding the steps to implement regional autonomy, the central government has clearly instructed: to change "bottom-up" to "from small to large." The Party Central Committee's instructions on the implementation of regional ethnic autonomy in Xinjiang are an important step in the process of regional ethnic autonomy in our country. In early 1955, Borhan Shahdra and I had a meeting in Beijing, and Xi Zhongxun met with us. Xi Zhongxun said to us: "Chairman Mao asked me to seek the opinions of both of you. How about calling Xinjiang Xinjiang the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the future?" I was very happy that Chairman Mao Zedong attached so much importance to our opinions, so I openly expressed my opinions. I said: "Autonomy is not for mountains, rivers and rivers, but for a certain nation. Therefore, it is called 'ethnic regional autonomy', so the name 'Xinjiang Autonomous Region' is not appropriate." After I finished speaking, Xi Zhongxun said on the spot: "Okay, I will report your opinion to Chairman Mao. "Two days later, Xi Zhongxun met with Borhan Shahdra and I again and told us: " Chairman Mao agreed with Saifuding's opinion. It should be called 'Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.' Chairman Mao asked me to tell you." A few days later, I met Li Weihan. He said to me: "After Xi Zhongxun reported your opinion to Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao made serious consideration and said: 'Sai Fuding's opinion is right'." On February 28 of the same year, the Xinjiang Branch also called the Party Central Committee, suggesting that Xinjiang should still be called the "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region" after the implementation of regional ethnic autonomy. On April 16, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China telephoned the Xinjiang Branch and decided to call Xinjiang the "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region." On September 12, the 21st meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the "Resolution on the Establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Abolition of the Xinjiang Provincial Organization." On September 19, the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government Committee held an expanded meeting and listened to reports on various preparations for the establishment of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. On the same day, Dong Biwu, representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central People's Government, who came to celebrate the founding of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, flew to Urumqi. Wang Enmao, Borhan Shahdra and I, as well as hundreds of provincial government members, representatives of all ethnic groups and all walks of life in Urumqi, warmly welcomed Dong Biwu at the airport. Later, representatives from Guangxi, Jilin, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces who attended the founding meeting of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region also arrived in Urumqi. Later, a delegation of Soviet artists who came to celebrate the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region also arrived in Urumqi. From September 20 to 30, the second session of the First People's Congress of Xinjiang Province was held in Urumqi. The meeting adopted the "Resolution on Firmly Supporting the Instructions of Dong Biwu, Representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central People's Government" and "Firmly Supporting the Resolution of the 21st Session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Abolition of the Xinjiang Provincial Organization", the "Draft Organic Regulations of the People's Congresses and People's Committees at All Levels of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China" and other important documents; Members of the People's Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were elected: Chairman Saifuding Aizizi, Vice Chairman Gao Jinchun, Maimaitimin Iminov, Patihan Sugurbayev, and 37 members. On October 1, more than 60,000 people from all walks of life in Urumqi gathered solemnly in People's Square to celebrate the 6th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the founding of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.