On this day, 65 years ago, November 28, 1960 (October 10, 1960 in the lunar calendar), Mauritania became independent. Mauritania is located in northwest Africa, covering an area of 1.03 million square kilometers, and borders Western Sahara, Algeria, Mali and Senegal. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west and has a coastline of 667 kilometers. Desert and semi-desert areas account for more than three-fifths of the territory. There are flowing sand dunes in the northwest, northeast and southeast, and the vast plains are formed by gravel deserts. The climate is dry and hot all year round, with little rain. The land along the Senegal River in the south is relatively fertile and has a lot of rain. The country has a population of 2 million, with half Arab Moors and half black people. The new constitution passed in July 1991 stipulates that the official language is Arabic, but French is common throughout the country except for the national language. The state religion is Islam. The capital is Nouakchott, with a population of 600,000, and is one of the ports on the Atlantic coast. Before the 11th century BC, Mauritania became the main channel for ancient caravans from southern Morocco to the Niger River. In the late 2nd century BC, he surrendered to the Roman Empire. In the mid-1st century AD, the Roman Empire annexed it and established it as a province. In the 5th century, it became de facto independent. During the pioneering period of Islam in the 7th century, it gradually Arabized as the Arabs moved in and established a feudal dynasty. In the 15th century, Portugal colonists invaded Mauritania. Subsequently, Dutch, French, British and other colonists also invaded one after another. At the beginning of the 19th century, the French colonial army invaded again. In 1912, it became a French colony and was later divided into "French West Africa." The heroic Mauritania people waged an indomitable struggle against colonial rule and for national independence. They finally won independence on November 28, 1960 and established the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The economy of Mauritania is dominated by agriculture, and the agricultural and animal husbandry population accounts for about 80% of the country's population. The main crops are millet, sorghum, corn, rice, wheat and gum arabic. Fishery resources are abundant, and coastal fisheries are relatively developed. Mauritania is also rich in mineral deposits, such as iron, copper, gypsum and phosphates. Iron ore exports account for more than 80% of the country's total export value. Since independence, the government and people of Mauritania have taken a series of effective measures in safeguarding national independence and national sovereignty, and developing national economy and cultural undertakings, and achieved results. The Mauritania government pursues a non-alignment policy with the outside world, insists on opposing hegemonism, and supports the just struggle of the people of Asian and African countries. Mauritania is a member of both the Organization of African Unity and the Arab League. It emphasizes African unity and strives to promote unity and cooperation among the Arab world. After China and Mauritania established diplomatic relations in July 1965, the friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries continued to develop, and friendly exchanges between the two sides became increasingly frequent. In recent years, the two governments have organized many delegations to exchange visits in trade, culture and other aspects. The two countries have also carried out various cooperation and signed many cooperation agreements.