234 years ago today, on December 5, 1791 (November 10, 1791, the musical prodigy Mozart passed away. In the history of world music, there are many composers who have been dubbed "genius", but the one who truly deserves the title of "genius" is Mozart. It is rare for a composer who only lived to be 35 years old to be worshipped and admired by music lovers as the embodiment of music art. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria, the seventh child of Leopold. His father was very talented and ambitious in music. He was then the composer and deputy chief of the court band of Count Takis, the lord of Salzburg. His "Toy Symphony" is still performed today, but his most appreciated achievement is a treatise on violin playing methods, published in 1756, the year that coincided with Wolfgang's birth. Amadeus Mozart's original name was Johannes Chrissostomus Wolfganus Gottlipo, which translates as Amadeus (Love of God) in Latin. God did love him. Wolfgang and his sister Maria Anna (an outstanding keyboard instrumentalist from 1751 to 1829) were both child prodigies. When young Wolfgang was 3 years old, he could recite keyboard exercises that his sister had just played by memorizing, and correct his father's misplayed notes on the violin at any time. He wrote minuets at the age of 5, and composed sonata and symphonies at the age of 8. In early 1762 Leopold believed that the two children were ready to go out into the world. Mozart's family of three appeared in the court of the Elector of Munich. At the end of the same year, they gained fame and were able to perform at the king's court in Vienna. In the following years, the Mozart family performed throughout Europe: Paris, London, Amsterdam, Munich, Utrecht, Salzburg, Vienna, Rome, everywhere the younger Wolfgang went, aroused enthusiastic praise from the audience. He improvised sonata based on the tunes people sang to him, added new accompaniment to old songs, and played them on a keyboard covered by a dining towel. In Rome, the Pope dressed him up like a Christmas tree and awarded him the Golden Thorn Medal (but he broke church rules and wrote a nine-part "hymn" sung by the Holy See choir on the score sheet after only listening to it twice and spreading it among the people, which was absolutely prohibited at the time). In London, he also played for King George III and accompanied Queen Charlotte when she sang arias. In 1768, Mozart obeyed the king's orders and composed a normal-length opera "Pretending to Be Stupid", which premiered at the Archbishop's Residence in Salzburg on May 1, 1769, when he was 12 years old. Later, the Philharmonic Society officially recognized him as a composer, and this title has never been awarded to any young person under the age of 20. But after years of extremely busy touring various places, as little Wolfgang's childishness faded, his aura as a prodigy no longer existed, the public's novelty towards him also disappeared, and those lightning tours also ended. Mozart's early creations were basically creative works when his father and mother took him on a tour of European countries. During this period, he was mainly influenced by J.C. Bach, Martini, Nardini, Jomeri and others. He drew on the strengths of each family and developed a strong ability to adapt to various creative needs. After 1782, Mozart's creation entered a mature period. That summer he composed the opera "The Harem of Escape", which premiered at the Vienna Chateau Theatre on July 16, 1782. On August 4, 1782, Mozart and Constanze Weber were married at Stephens Chapel. Baroness von Waldestadden held a small but aristocratic wedding banquet for the newlyweds. During this period, Mozart's creation was extremely glorious and the most distinctive. He has written a large number of dance songs, ropees, serenades and the best concertos and chamber music of various types. It was also that year that Mozart met Haydn, and the two musical giants became friends over the ages. They served as a viola player in the string quartet played with Haydn and Ditsdorf in 1785, and created the famous "Haydn Quartet". In the same year, he began to write the first of his several peak operas: "The Wedding of Figaro"(premiered at the Burger Theater in Vienna on May 1, 786.1). Works after 1788 belong to the late masterpieces of Mozart's creative career, including the opera "Woman's Heart"(Premiered at the Burger Theater in Vienna on January 26, 790);"Magic Flute"(Premiered at the Witten Theater in Vienna in September 1791.1791.10);"Symphony No. 39" in E-flat major (completed on 1788.6.26);"Symphony No. 40" in G minor (completed on 1788.7.25) and "Symphony No. 41" in C major (completed on 1788.8.10). This is also the last and best symphony written by Mozart, titled (Jupiter). Jupiter is the god of creation in Greek mythology. This title is the honorific title of this work by future generations, because this song makes full use of fugue techniques and perfectly blends tonic music. Mozart completed this work in only 15 days. One day in 1787, a young pianist from all over Bonn visited Mozart. When the young man took the theme casually handed to him by his master and began to improvise, a shocking torrent of music spread throughout the house. Mozart stood up and listened silently to the 17-year-old man's performance with amazement. "Pay attention to this young man," Mozart said to his friends,"one day he will shake the world!" This young man was Ludwig van Beethoven, who was honored by posterity as the "Music Saint". The last few months of Mozart's life were spent amid poverty, illness and worsening conditions. In July 1971, Count Franz von Vasek Schuterbach anonymously entrusted Mozart to write a "Requiem". After the premiere of "Magic Flute" in late September, Mozart officially began the "Requiem" creation. But by this time his body was very weak. In November, he could no longer get up and continue writing. He had a premonition of death. He often said to his wife and disciple Susmail: "This 'requiem' is for me since then. I wrote it..." At the same time, he repeatedly explained his ideas and progress to Susmail. Sunday, December 4th. In the afternoon, Mozart called a visiting friend to bring the score and sang the "Requiem" with everyone. The music was only half completed, and the sixth song of the third movement,"The Day of Tears", was only written for 8 bars. Mozart burst into tears. He already knew that death was at hand. After the friends left, Mozart struggled with his last ounce of strength and asked Susmaier how to finish the music. At 00:55 on December 5, the great Mozart closed his eyes. As he was dying, he murmured the score of the timpani part of the "Requiem". The "Requiem" he wrote for others became a mourner for himself. It's sad music. The "Requiem" created by five composers: Mozart, Kerroubini, Berlioz, Verdi and Foley are called the Five Requiem, but the most famous and frequently played is Mozart's Requiem. Haydn and Chopin both played Mozart's "Requiem" at their funerals, which is also a sign of respect for the musical "prodigy". In the early morning of December 5, 1791, there was no one before or after. Mozart, the musical genius who came, left the music he loved forever. When he died, his wife was seriously ill and the family was in poverty. His two sons, Carl and Franz, were never married in their lives, so he had no descendants. His funeral was hastily held outside St. Stephen's Church, and the scene was pitifully deserted. Only his students and two friends gathered in the church to listen to the priest's blessing to the dead. However, when the cheap thin leather coffin was delivered to the cemetery under the raging wind and the wanton whipping of snow grains, only the coachman was left. The lonely old gravedigger placed the coffin into the poor's grave in the Markce Cemetery as if it were official business, without adding any signs. He was 35 years old at the time. Mozart was an all-round composer who wrote a large number of masterpieces for every musical form in his short life. However, his contribution to the development of symphony music alone is enough to make him famous in history. He is not only a skilled classical symphony master, but also a magical and prolific composer. Someone calculated: dividing the total number of his works by the time of his entire life, and the conclusion is that he must compose music every minute of his life to complete such a vast piece of work. This made it difficult for people to understand the mystery, so they had to add the word "magic" to his head and call him a god sent by God to create music on earth. His creative achievements are a sign of the beginning of maturity and perfection of symphony art, especially the last four symphonies (Nos. 38-41) composed after 1788, which reveal all the great characteristics of his symphonies. The writing method and artistic conception of each book are in contrast to those of the other books, and each book expresses its unique style and content in its own way. Among his 27 piano concertos (the earliest four were rearrangements), since the "Piano Concerto No. 11 in F Major"(K413) in 1782, his subsequent creative techniques have been perfected. There is an extremely balanced balance between melody and harmony, between solo and band. If these works are performed by excellent pianists, the audience will feel like they are in a musical wonderland, especially the second movement of the "Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major"(K467), which was written on March 9, 1875 and premiered by Mozart the next day at the Crook Theater, makes the listener burst into tears. In addition,"Flute Concerto"(K313);"Oboe Concerto"(K314); and four gorgeous "Horn Concerto" are all very popular among the audience. The "Clarinet Quintet in A Major"(K581), which was premiered at the Brooke Theatre in Vienna on December 22, 1789 by Mozart's friend, Stadler, the clarinetist of the Salzburg Court Orchestra, is more familiar to music fans. There are also beautiful serenades, Nocturne, dance music, march, string quartets, violin sonatas and violin concertos. Coupled with excellent vocal works: a large number of religious works (in addition to the supreme "Requiem", there are also "Coronation Mass" K317;"Mass" in C minor "K427; "The Solemn Vespers of the Confessor" K339) and the operas "The Harem of the Harem","The Wedding of Figaro","Don Juan","Woman's Heart","The Magic Flute","The Benevolence of Tito", etc. Although Mozart lived in poverty, his musical style was very beautiful, beautiful, elegant and enthusiastic, full of youthful atmosphere and vitality everywhere. He has developed the tradition of symphony creation since Haydn. His more than 40 symphonies are like more than 40 gorgeous pictures, showing extremely attractive artistic charm to the world. There is also an interesting interlude where his works are all named with the letter K, which refers to "Kerschel"-the first letter of Ludwig Alois * Ferdinand Wright * von Kerschel. Kerschel is an Austrian botanist, mineralogist, and part-time musicologist. Most composers and publishers are accustomed to using piece numbers to identify music, but Mozart's writing speed and quantity made him sometimes unable to tell who was first and who was last. In order to sort out his confusion in sorting, Kerschel systematically compiled a catalog of each Mozart's work, starting with a keyboard minuet he wrote when he was 4 years old, and then marking the numbers until 626 "Requiem". The more Mozart's works you can have, the better. Almost all of his works are still loved by classical music fans hundreds of years later, as Alan Copeland said: "Mozart opened the source of all music streams, showing with a spontaneous, refined and exciting correctness that he has never had a match since himself." In 1991, Philips published a complete set of 45 episodes and 181 CDs to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Mozart's death. Symphonies, a total of 41 pieces according to Breitkopf-Hertel edition, with Bohm conducting the Berlin Philharmonic edition, DG, CD number 453231-2(10 photos); Philips recorded two sets of complete serenades for the band; Complete Piano Concerto, London Symphony Orchestra Concerto Conducted by Colin Davis, Performance Version by Heibler, Philips Version, CD No. 454352-2(10 photos); Complete String Quintet: Collaboration between Harris Quartet and Zaladnik, CAL9231/3(3 photos); Complete Piano Sonata: Heibler Performance Version, Philips, CD No. 456132-2(10 photos);"Requiem", Opera, etc.234 years ago today, on December 5, 1791 (November 10, 1791, the musical prodigy Mozart passed away. In the history of world music, there are many composers who have been dubbed "genius", but the one who truly deserves the title of "genius" is Mozart. It is rare for a composer who only lived to be 35 years old to be worshipped and admired by music lovers as the embodiment of music art. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria, the seventh child of Leopold. His father was very talented and ambitious in music. He was then the composer and deputy chief of the court band of Count Takis, the lord of Salzburg. His "Toy Symphony" is still performed today, but his most appreciated achievement is a treatise on violin playing methods, published in 1756, the year that coincided with Wolfgang's birth. Amadeus Mozart's original name was Johannes Chrissostomus Wolfganus Gottlipo, which translates as Amadeus (Love of God) in Latin. God did love him. Wolfgang and his sister Maria Anna (an outstanding keyboard instrumentalist from 1751 to 1829) were both child prodigies. When young Wolfgang was 3 years old, he could recite keyboard exercises that his sister had just played by memorizing, and correct his father's misplayed notes on the violin at any time. He wrote minuets at the age of 5, and composed sonata and symphonies at the age of 8. In early 1762 Leopold believed that the two children were ready to go out into the world. Mozart's family of three appeared in the court of the Elector of Munich. At the end of the same year, they gained fame and were able to perform at the king's court in Vienna. In the following years, the Mozart family performed throughout Europe: Paris, London, Amsterdam, Munich, Utrecht, Salzburg, Vienna, Rome, everywhere the younger Wolfgang went, aroused enthusiastic praise from the audience. He improvised sonata based on the tunes people sang to him, added new accompaniment to old songs, and played them on a keyboard covered by a dining towel. In Rome, the Pope dressed him up like a Christmas tree and awarded him the Golden Thorn Medal (but he broke church rules and wrote a nine-part "hymn" sung by the Holy See choir on the score sheet after only listening to it twice and spreading it among the people, which was absolutely prohibited at the time). In London, he also played for King George III and accompanied Queen Charlotte when she sang arias. In 1768, Mozart obeyed the king's orders and composed a normal-length opera "Pretending to Be Stupid", which premiered at the Archbishop's Residence in Salzburg on May 1, 1769, when he was 12 years old. Later, the Philharmonic Society officially recognized him as a composer, and this title has never been awarded to any young person under the age of 20. But after years of extremely busy touring various places, as little Wolfgang's childishness faded, his aura as a prodigy no longer existed, the public's novelty towards him also disappeared, and those lightning tours also ended. Mozart's early creations were basically creative works when his father and mother took him on a tour of European countries. During this period, he was mainly influenced by J.C. Bach, Martini, Nardini, Jomeri and others. He drew on the strengths of each family and developed a strong ability to adapt to various creative needs. After 1782, Mozart's creation entered a mature period. That summer he composed the opera "The Harem of Escape", which premiered at the Vienna Chateau Theatre on July 16, 1782. On August 4, 1782, Mozart and Constanze Weber were married at Stephens Chapel. Baroness von Waldestadden held a small but aristocratic wedding banquet for the newlyweds. During this period, Mozart's creation was extremely glorious and the most distinctive. He has written a large number of dance songs, ropees, serenades and the best concertos and chamber music of various types. It was also that year that Mozart met Haydn, and the two musical giants became friends over the ages. They served as a viola player in the string quartet played with Haydn and Ditsdorf in 1785, and created the famous "Haydn Quartet". In the same year, he began to write the first of his several peak operas: "The Wedding of Figaro"(premiered at the Burger Theater in Vienna on May 1, 786.1). Works after 1788 belong to the late masterpieces of Mozart's creative career, including the opera "Woman's Heart"(Premiered at the Burger Theater in Vienna on January 26, 790);"Magic Flute"(Premiered at the Witten Theater in Vienna in September 1791.1791.10);"Symphony No. 39" in E-flat major (completed on 1788.6.26);"Symphony No. 40" in G minor (completed on 1788.7.25) and "Symphony No. 41" in C major (completed on 1788.8.10). This is also the last and best symphony written by Mozart, titled (Jupiter). Jupiter is the god of creation in Greek mythology. This title is the honorific title of this work by future generations, because this song makes full use of fugue techniques and perfectly blends tonic music. Mozart completed this work in only 15 days. One day in 1787, a young pianist from all over Bonn visited Mozart. When the young man took the theme casually handed to him by his master and began to improvise, a shocking torrent of music spread throughout the house. Mozart stood up and listened silently to the 17-year-old man's performance with amazement. "Pay attention to this young man," Mozart said to his friends,"one day he will shake the world!" This young man was Ludwig van Beethoven, who was honored by posterity as the "Music Saint". The last few months of Mozart's life were spent amid poverty, illness and worsening conditions. In July 1971, Count Franz von Vasek Schuterbach anonymously entrusted Mozart to write a "Requiem". After the premiere of "Magic Flute" in late September, Mozart officially began the "Requiem" creation. But by this time his body was very weak. In November, he could no longer get up and continue writing. He had a premonition of death. He often said to his wife and disciple Susmail: "This 'requiem' is for me since then. I wrote it..." At the same time, he repeatedly explained his ideas and progress to Susmail. Sunday, December 4th. In the afternoon, Mozart called a visiting friend to bring the score and sang the "Requiem" with everyone. The music was only half completed, and the sixth song of the third movement,"The Day of Tears", was only written for 8 bars. Mozart burst into tears. He already knew that death was at hand. After the friends left, Mozart struggled with his last ounce of strength and asked Susmaier how to finish the music. At 00:55 on December 5, the great Mozart closed his eyes. As he was dying, he murmured the score of the timpani part of the "Requiem". The "Requiem" he wrote for others became a mourner for himself. It's sad music. The "Requiem" created by five composers: Mozart, Kerroubini, Berlioz, Verdi and Foley are called the Five Requiem, but the most famous and frequently played is Mozart's Requiem. Haydn and Chopin both played Mozart's "Requiem" at their funerals, which is also a sign of respect for the musical "prodigy". In the early morning of December 5, 1791, there was no one before or after. Mozart, the musical genius who came, left the music he loved forever. When he died, his wife was seriously ill and the family was in poverty. His two sons, Carl and Franz, were never married in their lives, so he had no descendants. His funeral was hastily held outside St. Stephen's Church, and the scene was pitifully deserted. Only his students and two friends gathered in the church to listen to the priest's blessing to the dead. However, when the cheap thin leather coffin was delivered to the cemetery under the raging wind and the wanton whipping of snow grains, only the coachman was left. The lonely old gravedigger placed the coffin into the poor's grave in the Markce Cemetery as if it were official business, without adding any signs. He was 35 years old at the time. Mozart was an all-round composer who wrote a large number of masterpieces for every musical form in his short life. However, his contribution to the development of symphony music alone is enough to make him famous in history. He is not only a skilled classical symphony master, but also a magical and prolific composer. Someone calculated: dividing the total number of his works by the time of his entire life, and the conclusion is that he must compose music every minute of his life to complete such a vast piece of work. This made it difficult for people to understand the mystery, so they had to add the word "magic" to his head and call him a god sent by God to create music on earth. His creative achievements are a sign of the beginning of maturity and perfection of symphony art, especially the last four symphonies (Nos. 38-41) composed after 1788, which reveal all the great characteristics of his symphonies. The writing method and artistic conception of each book are in contrast to those of the other books, and each book expresses its unique style and content in its own way. Among his 27 piano concertos (the earliest four were rearrangements), since the "Piano Concerto No. 11 in F Major"(K413) in 1782, his subsequent creative techniques have been perfected. There is an extremely balanced balance between melody and harmony, between solo and band. If these works are performed by excellent pianists, the audience will feel like they are in a musical wonderland, especially the second movement of the "Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major"(K467), which was written on March 9, 1875 and premiered by Mozart the next day at the Crook Theater, makes the listener burst into tears. In addition,"Flute Concerto"(K313);"Oboe Concerto"(K314); and four gorgeous "Horn Concerto" are all very popular among the audience. The "Clarinet Quintet in A Major"(K581), which was premiered at the Brooke Theatre in Vienna on December 22, 1789 by Mozart's friend, Stadler, the clarinetist of the Salzburg Court Orchestra, is more familiar to music fans. There are also beautiful serenades, Nocturne, dance music, march, string quartets, violin sonatas and violin concertos. Coupled with excellent vocal works: a large number of religious works (in addition to the supreme "Requiem", there are also "Coronation Mass" K317;"Mass" in C minor "K427; "The Solemn Vespers of the Confessor" K339) and the operas "The Harem of the Harem","The Wedding of Figaro","Don Juan","Woman's Heart","The Magic Flute","The Benevolence of Tito", etc. Although Mozart lived in poverty, his musical style was very beautiful, beautiful, elegant and enthusiastic, full of youthful atmosphere and vitality everywhere. He has developed the tradition of symphony creation since Haydn. His more than 40 symphonies are like more than 40 gorgeous pictures, showing extremely attractive artistic charm to the world. There is also an interesting interlude where his works are all named with the letter K, which refers to "Kerschel"-the first letter of Ludwig Alois * Ferdinand Wright * von Kerschel. Kerschel is an Austrian botanist, mineralogist, and part-time musicologist. Most composers and publishers are accustomed to using piece numbers to identify music, but Mozart's writing speed and quantity made him sometimes unable to tell who was first and who was last. In order to sort out his confusion in sorting, Kerschel systematically compiled a catalog of each Mozart's work, starting with a keyboard minuet he wrote when he was 4 years old, and then marking the numbers until 626 "Requiem". The more Mozart's works you can have, the better. Almost all of his works are still loved by classical music fans hundreds of years later, as Alan Copeland said: "Mozart opened the source of all music streams, showing with a spontaneous, refined and exciting correctness that he has never had a match since himself." In 1991, Philips published a complete set of 45 episodes and 181 CDs to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Mozart's death. Symphonies, a total of 41 pieces according to Breitkopf-Hertel edition, with Bohm conducting the Berlin Philharmonic edition, DG, CD number 453231-2(10 photos); Philips recorded two sets of complete serenades for the band; Complete Piano Concerto, London Symphony Orchestra Concerto Conducted by Colin Davis, Performance Version by Heibler, Philips Version, CD No. 454352-2(10 photos); Complete String Quintet: Collaboration between Harris Quartet and Zaladnik, CAL9231/3(3 photos); Complete Piano Sonata: Heibler Performance Version, Philips, CD No. 456132-2(10 photos);"Requiem", Opera, etc.