On this day, 157 years ago, on September 30, 1868 (August 15, 1868 in the lunar calendar), Queen Isabela of Spain fled to France. On September 29, 1868, Queen Isabela of Spain fled to France. Isabella II of Bourbon (Spanish: Isabella II Borbón, October 10, 1830-April 10, 1904) was Queen of Spain of the Bourbon Dynasty (reigned from 1833 to 1868). Immediately after Isabella II succeeded to the throne, Ferdinand VII's brother Prince Don Carlos launched a rebellion in the so-called First Don Carlos War (October 4, 1833). Don Carlos believed that he was the most legitimate heir to the throne, and that Isabella II, as a woman, had no right to become king. Don Carlos calls himself "Carlos V" and has many supporters. Those who supported Don Carlos and his descendants as king of Spain were known as the Carlites, and were mainly composed of old aristocrats and conservative elements in the Catholic Church (such as the Jesuits). Their activities became an important part of Spanish political life in the 19th century. Isabella II's supporters included liberals in the army and Congress; they hoped to profit from the expropriation of property from the Jesuits and religious orders and pass a constitution in Spain that limited the king's powers. The Spanish bourgeoisie also supported the queen with the desire to weaken the power of the feudal aristocracy. On October 17, Regent Maria Cristina, supported by Portugal, France, Britain and other countries, announced a crusade against the rebels. The war lasted for seven years, during which Don Carlos attacked Madrid, the capital of Spain, in 1837. It was not until 1839 that the main force of the Carlos faction was shattered, and Don Carlos was forced to flee to France. In July 1840, all the Carlos elements fighting in Spain were eliminated, and the throne of Isabella II was finally secured. After the first Don Carlos War, Maria Cristina handed over the regency power to Valdomero Espartero, one of the most powerful generals of the government army during the war. Epartero carried out some more radical reforms, which resulted in a strong backlash from conservatives; He was overthrown two years later by a military coup staged by General Narvaez. Espartero was forced into exile in Britain, while the Narvaes faction formed a cabinet led by Joaquin Maria Lopez. This cabinet induced Congress to declare Isabella II of majority (actually 13 years old). Three years later, conservatives from Castile forced the 16-year-old queen to marry her cousin Francisco de Assisi de Bourbon. Prince and Queen Francisco's married life was very promiscuous. In fact, there have been rumors that none of her children were born to Prince Francisco, who is a famous homosexual. For example, many believe that Isabella II's only surviving boy, the father of Alfonso XII, who eventually ascended the Spanish throne, was one of the queen's lovers, Enrique Puigy Moltó, a guard officer. The period from 1843 to 1868 was the period of Isabella II's personal rule. This period was characterized by endless court plots and coup revolutions. In 25 years, Spain changed 34 governments, and various sycophants came to power. Isabella II herself lived a decadent life and sometimes interfered in domestic politics in willful and irrational ways. The queen seemed to have a special affinity for reactionaries in the army and the church, which made her even more detestable in the hearts of Spaniards. After a military dictatorship from 1843 to 1854, the reformists launched a revolution from 1854 to 1856 to restore power to Espartero, who returned to China in 1848 due to an amnesty. Espartero soon retired, followed by the rule of the Freedom Alliance from 1856 to 1863; then the Freedom Alliance and warlords came to power in turn, excluding reformists and all progressives from political power. Throughout the reign of Isabella II, the living conditions of the Spanish people did not improve. The government run by traitors and the military is extremely corrupt, and the queen's court itself is a source of corruption. Various reasons finally led to the outbreak of the Spanish Revolution in 1868 (the "Glorious Revolution "). Reformist general Juan Priem staged a failed military coup in 1866. After two years of preparation, Primm rose again in 1868 and successfully overthrew the government. Isabella II fled to France in late September 1868 after sporadic resistance from her main reliance, conservative officers, was crushed by the troops of Francisco Serrano and Prim. On June 25, 1870, Isabella II officially announced his abdication in Paris, hoping that his son Alfonso would inherit the Spanish crown. However, the regent headed by Francisco Serrano chose Italian Prince Amedio de Savoy as the monarch of Spain. In December of that year, Juan Prim was assassinated, which made Amadeo's situation very awkward. Unable to cope with the chaotic situation in Spain, Amedio voluntarily abdicated in 1873, and the republicans established the First Spanish Republic. On December 28, 1874, the royalist general Arsenio Martinez de Campos staged a coup to welcome back Isabella's son Alfonso XII, and the Bourbon Dynasty was restored. After the restoration of Alfonso XI, Isabella II still settled in France. During a visit to Madrid, she became involved in the conspiracy of local politicians and was expelled again. Isabella II died on April 10, 1904 and was buried in the Abbey of Escorial. Comment: Being expelled is what a promiscuous person deserves.