136 years ago today, on November 15, 1889 (the 23rd of the tenth lunar month), Brazil announced the abolition of the monarchy.

On the night of November 14, 1889, King Pedro II of Brazil also enthusiastically held a grand ball in the palace to entertain guests from all over the world, creating a peaceful scene. However, overnight passed, and on the morning of the 15th, the Cabinet Chamber was surrounded. A coup occurred. Marshal Fonseca suddenly announced the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republican system, and asked Pedro II to leave Brazil.

Pedro II made a certain contribution to the abolition of slavery in Brazil. Therefore, Brazil under his leadership also had a period of calm. In order to develop Brazil's economy, Pedro II visited the United States in 1876, hoping to make a difference. However, Pedro II never expected that while abolishing slavery and developing the Brazilian economy, it would also arouse the upsurge of the domestic republican movement. After entering the 1980s, the power of the Republican movement grew stronger and stronger, deepening the crisis of the imperial government. Faced with this dilemma, Pedro II was at a loss and his health deteriorated rapidly. In 1887, he had to hand over government affairs to his daughter Princess Isabel and go to Europe for recuperation.

In 1888, the domestic situation was extremely tense. In May, Princess Isabel had to sign a decree to liberate Brazil's last 700,000 slaves. The foundation of the imperial government was slavery. Without the support of the slave owners and aristocrats, the imperial government naturally lost the foundation of its existence. There was a greater crisis in the imperial government. In August, Pedro II hurried back to Brazil. With his prestige and hard work, Brazil temporarily regained its calm. However, this calm situation is ultimately just a fake. As long as there is any disturbance, the calm situation will be destroyed. In 1889, news suddenly spread from the court that Pedro II would soon abdicate and that the throne would be succeeded by his daughter Isabel. This is obviously not good news for Republicans. Marshal Fonseca and Pedro II's son-in-law Duke Devo had a long feud. After hearing the news, they intensified their secret activities, which led to the coup d'état.

In order to avoid civil war, Pedro II had to agree to Fonseca's request. On the third day after the coup, he took the queen, daughter and son-in-law, escorted by soldiers, boarded a warship and took the ship on Grande Island in the Bay of Banaguara and took to the postal ship Alagoas for Lisbon, Portugal.