109 years ago today, on November 30, 1916 (November 6, 1916 in the lunar calendar), King Joseph II of Austria, who had been in power for 68 years, passed away. Franz Joseph's rule began with the Revolution (1848) and ended with the War. On November 30, 1916, he attempted to unify the complex country into an empire, but led to the death of Franz Joseph, King of Austria, who was in the European War. He ruled for two-thirds of a century. The heir to the throne is 29-year-old Archduke Karl-Francis-Joseph. The king was the younger brother of Grand Duke Francis Ferdinand, who was assassinated by Serbian nationalists seeking Bosnia's independence, which led to the war between Austria and Serbia, which involved most of Europe because of the alliance between all countries. Franz Joseph annexed Bosnia in 1908. Franz Joseph was personally loved by the people, but during his long rule, his desire to unite 17 nations into a single empire was never fulfilled. Many failed wars in the last century cost Austria its territory in Italy, weakened its control over Hungary, and lost its authority over Germany.