Liu Bang, Emperor Taizu Gao of the Han Dynasty (December 28, 256 BC-June 1, 195 BC), the first emperor of the Han Dynasty in China (reigned from 202 to 195 BC), the first emperor of the Han Dynasty in China's history to be born as a civilian. The word Ji was the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty (Western Han Dynasty). His temple name was Taizu, commonly known as Gaozu, and his posthumous title was Emperor Gao, so he was called Emperor Taizu of the Han Dynasty, Gaozu of the Han Dynasty or Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty. Born from the civilian class. When he rebelled against Qin, he was called Gong Pei. After the fall of Qin, he was granted the title of King of Han by Xiang Yu.

In the tent of planning and strategy, I am not as good as my wife if I win the battle thousands of miles away. I am not as good as Xiao He to govern the country, comfort the people, provide wages, and never cut off the supply route. With a million troops, we will win in battle and win in attack. I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are all outstanding people, and I can use them. This is the reason why I win the world-the experience of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty talking about winning the world;

... Weijia is returning home in the sea. How can you find brave soldiers and guard the four directions?"The Song of Gale" by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty

Attack the world immediately, but not rule the world immediately-Lu Jia advised Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty

The Qin and Han Dynasties were a major change in China's history. Many qualitative changes in China's social politics were successfully established, and Liu Bang, the grandfather of the Han Dynasty, was one of the key figures.

Liu Bang was the first emperor in China to be born as a civilian. He grew up in Feng Township, Pei County. When he was young, he was famous in the village for being good at eating, being lazy, and making big speeches. He did not work on farming or reading. After entering middle age, he finally got a position as a pavilion chief, and took advantage of his work to make friends with Pei County officials Xiao He, Cao Can, Xiahou Ying, etc., together with his original close friends in the village Fan Kuai, Zhou Bo, etc., they became his basic team to dominate the world later.

In 209 BC, Liu Bang was ordered to escort a group of prisoners to Xianyang to repair the Lishan Mausoleum. However, most of the prisoners escaped along the way. Liu Bang simply released the remaining prisoners and led more than ten of them to revolt together and fled into the middle of the Mirabilite Mountains.(This is also an example of the harsh law of the Qin Dynasty, which forced people to revolt.) During this period, a strange thing also occurred. It is said that Liu Bang was drunk and beheaded a snake that blocked the road. Later, an old woman cried in the local area, saying that her son was the son of the White Emperor and had been beheaded by the son of the Red Emperor. Although this matter is not credible, it represents the symbolic significance of the Qin Dynasty being replaced by the Han Dynasty, and has always been widely circulated.

While Liu Bang was a thief in the mountains, the world was undergoing great changes. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted in Daze Township. They raised their arms and shouted, and those who responded gathered together. Heroes from all walks of life, with descendants of the six countries as the main body, rose up one after another. Liu Bang took advantage of this situation to lead the team developed in Mirabilite Mountain. With the support of Pei County officials Xiao He and Cao Can, he invaded Pei County, killed the county magistrate, and was elected the leader of this uprising team.

Due to his lack of strength, Liu Bang temporarily defected to Xiang Liang, a descendant of the aristocrat of Chu. In 207 BC, heroes from all walks of life fought against the Qin army in Julu. Xiang Yu, the nephew of Xiang Liang, used his brave performance in this battle to defeat the Qin army and establish his status as the leader of the uprising. At the same time, Liu Bang took the opportunity to take the lead in invading Xianyang and destroying the Qin Dynasty.

Xiang Yu later also entered Guanzhong, and the famous story of the "Hongmen Banquet" occurred. Liu Bang, who was weaker, cleverly escaped being killed. However, Xiang Yu violated the covenant to enter Xianyang first and become King of Qin, and only granted Liu Bang the title of King of Hanzhong. Xiang Yu's world quickly fell apart due to unfair enfeoffment. Liu Bang took advantage of the chaos and led his army into Zhongyuan to compete for deer.

In the long-term competition with Xiang Yu, Liu Bang was at a disadvantage on the frontal battlefield. He narrowly escaped in both Pengcheng and Xingyang defeats, and his family also fell into the hands of Xiang Yu. However, Liu Bang cleverly avoided fighting Xiang Yu's main force after the Battle of Pengcheng, used defenses to confront Xiang Yu, and took advantage of Xiang Yu's disadvantage of being far away from the rear and insufficient supplies to gradually consume Xiang Yu's strength. At the same time, he used effective rewards to win over powerful generals such as Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Yingbu. Finally, in 202 BC, he surrounded Xiang Yu's army in Gaixia. In the "besieged from all directions", Xiang Yu had no choice but to commit suicide. Liu Bang became the last person to laugh in the nine-year chaotic battle at the end of Qin Dynasty and ascended the throne of emperor.

Why Liu Bang was able to win the world attracted a lot of discussions at that time and in later generations. Being able to use people and being good at using people is undoubtedly a key. Han Xin, Chen Ping, Peng Yue and other talents were originally Xiang Yu's subordinates, but later they were all used by Liu Bang. Liu Bang not only relied on this to successfully conquer the world, but also relied on this to successfully consolidate the country and leave a rich legacy to future generations.

Although Liu Bang is known as the common ruler of the world, the situation of separatist regimes has not been eliminated. He referred to the gains and losses of the Zhou and Qin dynasties and established the system of "parallel prefectures and states" and granted Han Xin, Peng Yue, Zhang Ao, etc., who had actually formed separatist forces at that time, as kings, but at the same time sent local administrative officials such as county governors and county magistrates to limit the power of the princes. However, Liu Bang was still not at ease. During his reign, the eradication of kings with different surnames became the focus of policy. Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu, Zhang Ao and other kings with different surnames were eradicated on charges of rebellion, and Liu Bang's own children were replaced as king. By the year before Liu Bang's death, except for Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, who was remote in the southern border, all kings with different surnames had been eliminated. Liu Bang then gathered his ministers to kill Bai Ma and swore: "If Liu is not the king, the world will fight him together." Facts proved that Liu Bang's entire strategy was correct, and the same surname Wang did play a role in defending the central government when Yingbu and others rebelled. After the death of Liu Bang, the Han Dynasty entered a period of long-term peace. As for the problem of the king with the same surname causing disaster, it was solved several generations later by Liu Bang's descendants. Liu Bang eliminated some of the meritorious officials, which also set the first precedent in history for the founding emperor to eradicate meritorious officials.

Under the leadership of the outstanding leader Mao Dun, the Xiongnu rose to become a major power in the northern grassland at the end of the Qin Dynasty. In 200 BC, Liu Bang led his army to attack the Xiongnu north. He was besieged in Baidanshan, and then escaped by luck. This war made the Central Dynasty realize the power of the nomadic peoples in the north for the first time. Therefore, Liu Bang adopted Lou Jing's suggestion and married the Xiongnu Chanyu with the "son of his family" as a princess, setting the first example of the "peace policy."

Liu Bang also adopted Lou Jing's suggestion and set the capital in Chang 'an. "Qin Dynasty has been an imperial state since ancient times." However, the Zhou and Qin Dynasty established Chang 'an as the capital because it was their base camp, while the Han Dynasty established Chang' an as the capital mainly because of Liu Bang's own choice. In addition, it was crucial to relocate more than 100,000 descendants of the six countries and powerful people from various places. The role of this policy cannot be underestimated. It not only eliminated the hidden danger of the old aristocrats of the six countries and powerful people in the east of the country, but also blocked the division between rich and poor in various places. The natural process led to the emergence of a situation in the early Han Dynasty where "there were no profit-making families in the city and no annexation people in the wilderness" that was very conducive to the development of the natural economy. This policy of his was also followed by his successors.

Liu Bang originally did not like Confucianism and once urinated on the Confucian crown. But it may be Lu Jia that made him realize the great role of Confucianism. In 195 BC, Liu Bang sacrificed Tailao to Confucius in Lu, becoming the first emperor in history to sacrifice Confucius, and also laid the foundation for the subsequent policy of respecting Confucianism in the Han Dynasty.

The Liu Bang era was a symbol of the great changes in China's history, and it was the first time that the situation between ordinary people and generals was opened. The royal families and princes of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties were all hereditary, and the officials of various countries were mainly hereditary aristocrats. After the Warring States Period, ministers with civilian birth continued to emerge. However, like when the Western Han Dynasty was founded, it was unprecedented for the monarch, minister, and generals to be of civilian birth. However, the hereditary aristocrats that had lasted for thousands of years were finally wiped out and disappeared.

Liu Bang's correct decisions to conquer and govern the world came from his advisers, but Liu Bang was the final arbiter of these decisions. As the founder of the most powerful dynasty in China's history, coupled with many of the above-mentioned "firsts", Liu Bang's influence ranks among the top 10 among China emperors and among the top 60 among the world's emperors is not an exaggeration.

Comments: Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty did not know literature or martial arts, but he was able to make heroes of the world into dogs and horses. Although it was called destiny, it was also his measure of tolerance, understanding, and employing people. Although he attacked and governed the world, the strategies he used were all from his subordinates, none of them were wise, correct, and far-reaching. A successful monarch does not have to have extraordinary talents. The key is to use the right people and good people. Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty provided the most vivid example for future generations.