Münzer was a German civilian thinker, leader of the Religious Reform and Peasant War, and one of the pioneers of utopian socialism.

Münzer was born in 1490 into a working family in Stolberg, Harz, Germany. When he was very young, his father was executed by the local count, which made him have a deep hatred for the aristocratic ruling class. He is well educated and proficient in Latin and Greek. He studied at the University of Leipzig and the University of Frankfurt, obtained a doctorate in theology from the University of Leipzig, later served as a priest, abbot and middle school teacher, and began to reform Catholic rituals. At the age of 15, he organized a secret group against the Catholic Church to support Martin Luther's religious reform. But his proposition is even more radical, believing that Catholic atonement says "paint a broken house with white powder" and that broken houses should be demolished instead of using white powder. The Prague Declaration was issued in 1521, advocating the use of violence to achieve social change.

In October 1517, Martin Luther posted 95 theses, and Minzer began to follow Martin Luther in the religious reform movement. In April 1520, Minzer was introduced by Luther as pastor Zwickau. He was often close to miners, weavers and lower-class people, had close ties with the Anabaptists circulating among them, and helped them put forward revolutionary ideas. But then Martin Luther's ideas changed greatly, and Münzer left him. In the summer of 1521, he was forced to leave Zvik and travel to the Czech Republic. In November, he issued the "Prague Declaration"(also known as the "Letter to the Czech People"), stating that he was irreconcilable with the Church and feudal lords. After that, Münzer immediately returned to Germany to serve as a priest in the town of Alsted. He boldly attacked the princes and the Catholic Church, organized a Christian Alliance, and turned the town into a center of the lower-class people's movement. In 1524, Martin Luther published the "Book of the Princes of Saxony against the Rebellion Demons", which pointed out that Minzer was a "tool of Satan" and asked the feudal lords to take "resolute action" against him; However, Minzer did not show any weakness and criticized Luther for being the "walking dead of Wittenberg." This allowed Minzer to establish a good image among the broad masses of farmers, made his thoughts deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and made many peasant associations secretly established, and the uprising was about to break out. On May 15, 1525, the main force of the peasant army led by Münzer and the main force of the Swabian aristocratic coalition army encountered in Frankenhausen. In the end, more than 5000 farmers died in battle due to defeat. Münzer himself was also injured and captured, and finally died tragically under the butcher knife of the aristocrats on May 27.