On this day, 67 years ago, on September 30, 1958 (August 18, 1958 in the lunar calendar), microbiologist Tang Feifan committed suicide because he was beaten as a "rightist". On September 30, 1958, microbiologist Tang Feifan committed suicide because he was beaten as a "rightist". Tang Feifan was born on July 23, 1897 in Liling County, Hunan Province. He was admitted to Xiangya Medical College in 1914, graduated in 1921 and received a doctorate in medicine from the University of Connecticut. In the same year, he went to the Department of Bacteria of Peking Union Medical College for further study and work. In 1925, he studied at Harvard Medical School in the United States. After returning to China in 1929, he successively served as a professor at the School of Medicine of Shanghai Central University and director of the Department of Bacteriology at Shanghai Reste Research Institute. In 1935, he served as a visiting researcher at the British National Institute of Medicine. When the Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937, he was ordered to Kunming to rebuild the Central Epidemic Prevention Office and was appointed director. After the Anti-Japanese War was won in 1945, he continued to serve as director of the Central Epidemic Prevention Experimental Division in Peiping. After the founding of New China in 1949, it presided over the establishment of my country's earliest biological product quality management institution-the Institute of Biological Products of the Ministry of Health of the Central People's Government. In 1951, he served as the first chairman of China Culture Preservation Committee. In 1955, he was elected as a member of the Department of Biology and Geography of China Academy of Sciences. He has served as director of the Chinese Medical Association, chairman of the China Microbiology Society, and chairman of the Biological Products Committee of the Ministry of Health. In 1947, at the 7th International Conference on Microbiology, he was elected as a permanent member of the International Society of Microbiology. He received undue criticism during the "Campaign to Raise the (bourgeois) White Flag" and committed suicide in the early morning of September 30, 1958. As early as the mid-1920s, Tang Feifan had begun to use physical methods to study virus characteristics, and used centrifugation and filtration methods to study viruses such as herpes and cowpox, giving positive support to the debate on whether the virus was biological at that time. He was one of the first microbiologists to study mycoplasma, which is between viruses and bacteria. In 1925, he first observed latent infection with herpes simplex while studying the relationship between neurotropism of the herpes virus and herpes encephalitis and immune response. A series of acetate collodion filter membranes with different pore sizes have been developed to determine the size of staphylococcal bacteriophages and various viruses. In the 1940s, endemic epidemics of plague typhus, Leptospira ictus haemorrhagicus and Trypanosoma evansi were first reported in China. In 1954, research on the pathogen of trachoma, which had been suspended for 30 years, was restarted. Chlamydia trachomatis was first isolated in 1955, indisputable ending more than half a century of debate about the pathogen of trachoma. The method he created was widely adopted, and many similar pathogens were later isolated, and a special type of microorganism between bacteria and viruses, Chlamydia, was discovered one after another. He is the only China microbiologist in the field of research so far. Due to the identification of the pathogen of trachoma, trachoma has been greatly reduced worldwide. At the International Ophthalmology Conference held in Paris in 1982, the International Organization for the Prevention and Control of Trachoma posthumously awarded him the Gold Trachoma Medal in recognition of his outstanding contribution. Later, he and his co-workers successfully isolated Chlamydia trachomatis and won my country's Scientific Invention Award. Tang Feifan has made indelible contributions to the development of my country's biological products industry. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and after the victory, he twice rebuilt the Central Epidemic Prevention Office, the earliest biological product institution in China, presided over the formulation of my country's first "Biological Products Manufacturing Verification Regulations", and created China's earliest antibiotic production research institution and the first experimental biological farm. Tang Feifan is an upright scientist who has strong national self-esteem, loves the motherland and the people, and devotes his life to the cause of science. His profound knowledge and rich practical experience gave him profound insight and scientific foresight, so he was able to boldly doubt the conclusions of his predecessors and use his own experiments to deny the erroneous theories of his predecessors. In the research on Chlamydia trachomatis, in order to confirm the pathogen, he used his own eyes to conduct experiments twice, which most concretely demonstrated his noble character of having the courage to devote himself to human health. Joseph Needham, a famous British scholar, once called Tang Feifan "a public servant of science in his country" and "a tenacious fighter in the field of preventive medicine" and asserted: "In China, he will never be forgotten. To commemorate his outstanding contribution, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued Tang Feifan's commemorative stamp on November 22, 1992. who have made great contributions