64 years ago today, October 18, 1961 (September 9, 1961 in the lunar calendar), Khrushchev reformed. 467 Record of October 18, 1961 For a long time, the traditional view of the Soviet Union has always believed that the first Five-Year Plan (1928-1932) was the period to establish the socialist economic foundation; the second Five-Year Plan (1933-1937) was the completion stage to establish the socialist material foundation. By the second half of the 1930s, the Soviet Union had basically established a socialist society (Stalin announced that the Soviet Union had basically established a socialist society in 1937); The Third Five-Year Plan (1938-1942) was the beginning of building a developed socialist economy. It can be said that the highly centralized mandatory planned economic system and the economic structure of one-sided development of heavy industry formed during the Stalin period are the foundation and prototype of the developed socialist economic system. The basic strategic decision of Stalin's model is to put the people's economic, political, and cultural requirements second and provide only low standards of satisfaction, so as to maximize the concentration of human and material resources to build the country into a socialist power at a high speed. Of course, there is no denying the economic system and economic structure of the Stalin era. In the early days of socialist construction, it played a positive role in consolidating the achievements of the socialist revolution and defending against imperialist aggression. However, when the socialist economic and political system has been consolidated and strengthened, and the socialist economy has achieved certain development, it is obviously a strategic mistake to continue to follow this system. By the 1950s, the problem was exposed. Industry developed rapidly, increasing 12 times from 1913 to 1950. Agriculture, on the other hand, has stagnated, improving only 40%. People's living standards are not improving rapidly. Some aspects have also been reduced. In 1953, the per capita grain output of the entire Soviet Union was only 432 kilograms. Lower than 540 kilograms in 1913. In cities, the supply of non-staple foods is insufficient, and most consumer goods are of poor quality. The situation in rural areas is even worse. Some farms have work points of only a few kopes. Faced with this reality, after Khrushchev came to power, he carried out some reforms to the Soviet economic system in an attempt to break through the old framework of the Stalin model. He first started with agriculture and adopted three major reform measures: first, increasing the purchase prices of agricultural and sideline products and abolishing the compulsory delivery and sales system of agricultural and sideline products; second, large-scale reclamation of wasteland, expansion of sown area, planting corn, and increase grain production; The third is to cancel agricultural machine tractor stations and sell agricultural machines to collective farms. In October 1961, a new "Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" was adopted at the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The "22nd National Congress" resolution and the new program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union put forward relatively complete reform ideas and directions centered on expanding the authority of enterprises, strengthening economic stimulus, making full use of commodity currency relations and various economic levers, and strengthening economic accounting. The "Program" emphasizes: "In order to mobilize internal potential and more effectively utilize capital investment, production funds and fiscal funds, we must expand the business independence and initiative of enterprises on the basis of national planning and tasks. Improve the role and interest of enterprises in adopting advanced technology and making more full use of production capabilities ";" Make full use of the commodity-money relationship based on its new content unique to the socialist period ";" Economic leadership will rely on the material and spiritual stimulation of high production indicators and the material and spiritual stimulation of labor are great creative forces in the struggle for communism. The above three principles put forward in the "Program" marked that the Soviet Union's economic reform entered a new stage of in-depth development. It was against this background that the "Lieberman Proposal" came into being. In his report delivered at the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on October 18, 1961, Khrushchev talked about the new program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and announced that the Soviet Union would "basically build a communist society" within 20 years, which reflected Khrushchev's subjective and blind nature in making decisions on major issues. Comment: He is a failed reformer.