On today 885 years ago, on May 20, 1140 (May 3, 1140 in the lunar calendar), Shunchang won the great victory. Under the slogan of "recovering lost ground", Wu Zhu launched four armies south to attack the Song Dynasty. On the third day of May in the tenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1140), under the slogan of "recovering lost ground", Wu Shu, the marshal of the capital of Jin, launched a new round of strategic attack on the Southern Song Dynasty. At the beginning of the offensive, due to the unprepared Song court, important towns such as Kaifeng (Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty), Luoyang (Xijing), Shangqiu (Nanjing), Chang'an, and Fengxiang were all in the hands of the enemy in less than half a month. Encouraged by this, Wu Shu personally led a hundred thousand troops to win the reverse development of Huaixi. However, this famous Jin general didn't expect that his good luck came to an abrupt end in a place called Shunchang (now Fuyang, Anhui Province)! Here, Wu Shu tried his best, but there was nothing he could do about this small town where the city was not strong and the pool was not deep. The person who defeated Wu Shu in Shunchang was Liu Qi! The person who defeated Wu Shu in Shunchang was Liu Qi! Liu Qi (1098-1162), courtesy name Xinshu, was born in Chengji, Qinzhou (now Jingning, Gansu Province), and was the ninth son of Liu Zhongwu, the commander of the Luchuan Army. Liu Qi joined the army as a young man and made many meritorious feats in the process of fighting summer and resisting gold. His bravery was known even to women and children in enemy countries. As the new deputy stay in Tokyo, Liu Qishang received the news that the golden people went south on his way to his post. He judged that Wu Shu must first occupy Tokyo, and then attack Shunchang. Accordingly, Liu Qi decisively entered Shunchang, ready to stop the Jin army here. In the following days, Liu Qi finally defeated Wu Shu, the mighty famous Jin Kingdom, by virtue of his "three magic weapons". And these three magic weapons are: an army with strong combat effectiveness! This army is the famous eight-character army. Yue Fei, a national hero, was once a subordinate of Wang Yan, the leader of the eight-character army. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou fled south again and again instead of regaining lost ground. At this moment when the country is about to be broken and the family is about to die, loyal men from the north and south of the Yellow River step forward and bravely fight against the Jin army. Most of these people come from the bottom of society, such as farmers, defeated troops, small traders, and even monks and Taoist priests. "All the people are soldiers". These anti-Jin rebels received strong support from Li Gang and Zong Ze, the famous generals of the main war faction. They not only gave them money, food and weapons, but also organized some troops into regular troops. Against this background, Wang Yan and his eight-character army stood out. Wang Yan (AD 1090-1139), courtesy name Zicai, was born in Shangdang (Changzhi, Shanxi). He has been studying and practicing martial arts since childhood, and his martial arts skills are excellent. He once served as an officer of the capital control class. After the Jingkang disaster, Wang Yan's hometown Taihang Mountain was occupied by the Jin people. Because of his outstanding performance in the struggle against gold in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, in mid-1127, Li Gang sent Wang Yan to lead 7,000 soldiers including Yue Fei, Zhang Yi, and Bai Anmin across the Yellow River, and recovered Xinxiang occupied by the Jin army in one fell swoop. Under the heavy counterattack of the Jin army, Wang Yan led the rest of his troops to retreat into the Taihang Mountains to continue fighting in order to preserve his strength. Because Wang Yan resolutely fought the war of resistance, the Jin people were very afraid of him and offered a high reward to capture him alive. In response, Wang Yan's subordinates stabbed the words "Serve the country wholeheartedly and vow to kill the golden thief" on their faces. Hence the name of the eight-character army. The eight-character army effectively contained the Jin army's southward movement. Because the soldiers of the eight-character army fought bravely, the Jin soldiers were frightened and frightened. It is said that a marshal of the Jin Army once called a meeting of his men to discuss how to eliminate the eight-character army as soon as possible. The men knelt together in fear and begged not to fight them. In this way, the eight-character army quickly won the respect of all rebel armies. Soon, Fu Xuan, Meng De, Liu Ze and others, the leaders of the two rivers loyal militia, led more than 100,000 people to attach them. Subsequently, the eight-character army took Taihang Mountain as its base and effectively contained the Jin army's southward move. Later, Wang Yan was recommended by Zhang Jun, the minister of the main war faction, to be the former army commander, and led some of the eight-character troops to fight in Sichuan and Shaanxi. The rest of the troops were controlled by Liu Qi. This time, Liu Qi went north to take office in Tokyo, and the 18,000 people he brought were these eight-character soldiers. They had become the prerequisite for this famous general to defeat the Wu Shu army! A resourceful expert in defending the city This person is Shunchang magistrate Chen Gui, a master of defensive warfare! If there are no stereotypes, the battle to defend Shunchang may be difficult to fight. Chen Gui (1072-1141), Zi Yuanze, was born in Anqiu, Mizhou (Anqiu, Shandong). In his early years, he studied Sun Tzu's Art of War, and was familiar with the allusion of "nine opportunities to attack, but Mozi refused nine opportunities" like public defeat. In the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1126), Chen Gui became the official of Anlu County, De'an Prefecture. Soon, the Jin army invaded the south on a large scale and approached the south of the Yangtze River. As De'an is an important city in the north and south, Stereotypes are determined to use it as a base to fight against the golden people. In order to stick to De'an City, he made every effort to transform the city, create tube-shaped firearms, and improve riprap machines... Soon, a large number of defeated troops invaded De'an nine times. Stereotypes led the army to "attack nine times and refuse nine times, and respond to endless enemies." At that time, the Central Plains were in turmoil, and only De'an City stood still. After the war, Chen Gui was promoted to the magistrate of De'an and the history of Hanyang Military Town in Fuzhou of De'an Prefecture. Later, he was appointed as the magistrate of Shunchang. After Liu Qi entered Shunchang, he once bluntly told the stereotypes that "if there is food in the city, you can keep it with the monarch", and the answer he got was that "there are tens of thousands of millet and dendrobium in the city, so we should stick to it". As a matter of fact, stereotypes not only solved the problem of "food and grass first" for Liu Qi. Stereotypes also realize that for Shunchang, which is not strong, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to comprehensively rectify put in order. To this end, he made targeted consolidation from the following aspects: First, efforts were made to build a multi-layer defense system including Yangma Wall, Waihao, main city wall, Lihao and Licheng, thus expanding the defense depth of Shunchang, a small town. Stereotypes have built a multi-layer defense system for Shunchang City. Then, the city wall, the key point of the offensive and defensive battle of the city, has been strengthened. Soon, the original right-angled city wall was cut into an arc to increase the ricochet rate of the stone cannon; The turret that had been attacked by enemy artillery was also gone; Add an 8-foot (about 2.5 meters) flat-headed wall inside the originally low female wall to protect the defenders from being hit by enemy arrows; Woven fabrics such as hedges are hung above the female wall to cushion the impact of stone bullets; Three crossbars crossing between the female wall and the flat head wall are used to delay the advance of the enemy troops climbing the city; Increase the city gates from one to three, and build retaining walls outside the city gates; In the past, the tower on the first floor of one gate has also been changed into a layout of three gates and two floors. In this way, Song Jun can stand on the highest floor tower and give full play to the long-range advantage of bow and arrow. Third, fight guns against guns. Large stone cannons are deployed in the city, and artillery observers are set up at the head of the city to correct the impact point at any time. Stereotype's efforts not only enhanced the defensive stability of Shunchang City, but also added a tactical choice to General Liu Qi when making combat decisions. A winning tactic: fighting in the field according to the city and attacking instead of defense. In fact, relying on the city wall for defense is a very negative tactic. With sufficient food and stable city defense, many people naturally think that when the enemy is outnumbered and we are outnumbered, the safer tactic is to gather troops to hold the city. After all, this idea was in line with the practice of ordinary soldiers at that time. At that time, the Jin army had strong mobility, but its ability to attack difficulties was weak. Its usual tactic was to defeat the opponent by using the high-speed impact of cavalry in field battles; The Song army, mainly infantry, often relied on the walled city camp to carry out preemptive defensive operations, using "long-range firepower" such as strong bows, crossbows and stone cannons to repel the invading enemy. Surprisingly, Liu Qi did not choose a prudent tactic, but adopted a more proactive tactic: fighting in the field according to the city and replacing defense with attack. Relying on the city, the Song army took the initiative to attack the Jin army. On May 25th, the Jin army's powerful generals Han Chang and General Zhai led their troops across the Bailong Vortex, which was stationed 30 miles away from the city in Yingshui. Liu Qi took advantage of his unstable foothold and sent troops to attack his camp at night, gaining a lot. On the 29th, more than 30,000 Jin troops approached Shunchang again. Liu Qi keenly caught a major omission of the Jin army: although it was menacing, its camp was not firm. After some thought, Liu Qi simply opened the city gate, which made the suspicious golden people afraid to act rashly. He also managed to induce the golden soldiers to shoot arrows, thus capturing a large number of arrow clusters. When the Jin people were gradually showing signs of fatigue, the Song army in the city charged fiercely under the cover of "long-range firepower". In the process of retreating to Yingshui, the embarrassed Jin army often fell into the water and drowned. On the second day of June, Liu Qi found out that the Jin army had moved to Guaili Village in the east of the city, so he sent Yan Chong, a brave general, to lead five hundred sharp soldiers to attack the Jin camp again on a rainy night. These people "break bamboo for screaming, strike it when lightning flashes, and fall it when lightning stops", and cut it when they see braids. During the chaos, the Jin army attacked and killed each other, "accumulating corpses and filling the wild". After dawn, the remnants of the Jin army retreated backward while hurrying to Wu Shu. The defeat of the first battle completely angered Wu Shu, and he personally led an army of 100,000 to Shunchang. Soon, Song General Cao Cheng and others went to Jinying to cheat surrender, falsely claiming that Liu Qi was a dude who "only wanted fun and didn't know how to fight and defend". Wu Shu believed it was true, and seeing that the city wall of Shunchang was so simple that he could kick it down with the tip of his boot. Therefore, he left behind the siege goose carts, guns and other heavy weapons, and only led the infantry and cavalry to advance lightly. In the early morning of June 9th, the Jin army took advantage of the cool weather to launch a fierce attack, but the Song army held on without fighting; In the afternoon, the heat was unbearable, and the Jin army was exhausted, and the Song army, which attacked across the board, invaded the enemy camp in one fell swoop. During the defeat of the Jin army, which was hungry and thirsty, many men and horses fell down because of eating and drinking aquatic plants poisoned by the Song army. In the following days, the Jin army moved to the west of the city, trying to impose a siege plan. However, it rained heavily every day, and night attacks were repeatedly attacked by the Song army. On the 12th day of the war, Wu Shu, who was overwhelmingly annoyed, led his army back to Kaifeng. At this point, Shunchang was besieged. The Shunchang Defense Battle is a famous classic example of winning more with less in the history of Chinese wars. In this way, Liu Qi finally defeated 100,000 golden troops with less than 20,000 troops in one fell swoop by virtue of the strong combat effectiveness of the eight-character army, the full help of the city defender experts and proactive tactics.