On this day, 132 years ago, August 26, 1893 (July 15, 1893, the lunar calendar), cotton expert Sun Enzhen was born. Sun Enzhen, also known as Yushu, was born on August 26, 1893 in Gaoyou County, Jiangsu Province. His father lost his father when he was young and was raised by his loving mother. At the age of 6, he started to study private schools and learn ancient Chinese. He has loved flowers since he was a child. When he was eight or nine years old, he spent two to three hours a day cultivating flowers. At home, he often planted dozens of pots of flowers and plants for viewing and entertainment, which gradually made him interested in planting. In 1906, he followed his mother's instructions and followed his uncle and brother to study at Fudan University in Shanghai. After graduating in 1911, he went to Beijing to take the public-funded preparatory class for studying in the United States at Tsinghua University. At that time, the Qing government was corrupt and incompetent, losing its power and humiliating the country, so it decided to take the road of "saving the country scientifically." With excellent academic performance in three years, he ranked among the top three. In 1914, he went to the United States with more than 80 people including Qian Tianhe. He studied at the School of Agriculture of the University of Illinois. He completed all 4-year courses in 3 years. He graduated from the institute in 1917 and received an honorary certificate. Later, he transferred to the Institute of Agronomy at Louisiana State University to study cotton. He obtained a master's degree in 1918. He was the first international student in this major in my country. The paper is "Research on Cotton Breeding". After graduation, Gu Weijun appointed him as the only representative of China to participate in the International Drought Farmers Conference held at that time. During my stay in the United States, I deeply felt that there were many aspects of American cotton production that could be used for domestic reference: from the perspective of cotton seeds, the United States is land cotton, while China uses Chinese cotton; From the perspective of farming system, the United States has a three-year rotation system, while my country has a one-year or two-year rotation system. He believes that China's cotton planting industry should replace cotton seeds and replace medium cotton with upland cotton. Based on this, we should study and formulate cultivation techniques and farming systems suitable for my country's cotton production. After returning to China in early 1918, he first taught at Jiangsu No. 1 Agricultural School and once served as the president, and soon became a professor of agriculture at Nanjing Southeast University. In 1920, he organized a summer cotton planting seminar at Southeast University and began to teach professional cotton courses. Whether in an agricultural school or at Dongda University, he requires teachers and students to engage in research work. Teachers must have a specialty, and young teachers should pay equal attention to research and promotion to familiarize themselves with production in conjunction with reality. He attaches great importance to practical operations and often personally leads students to practice on site. He works with students from plowing, sowing, fertilizing, insect control, harvesting and threshing. At that time, students were in groups of 2-4, equipped with 1 cow and a full set of farm tools for practice. After such strict practical training, a group of young scientists with both theoretical knowledge and practical experience have been trained. Well-known scholars such as Feng Zefang and Hu Jingliang are his favorite students. During that period, the domestic cotton field test methods were extremely extensive. For this reason, he specially wrote a volume "Cotton Cultivation Experiments" as an implementation guide and personally led the cultivation experiments in various cotton farms affiliated to Dongda. When Sun Enzhen first came into contact with my country's cotton production and research, he was very concerned about the development of China's cotton industry. As early as 1921-1922, he wrote "Guidelines for Improving and Popularizing Cotton Cropping in China","Cotton Cropping Experiments and Pioneers","Major Problems in my Country's Cotton Industry and Their Improvement Methods","Improvement and Popularization of National Cotton Cropping Plan" and other articles. As soon as he returned to China, he actively advocated the introduction of American cotton. In 1919, he published articles such as "Research on Importing American Cotton" and "Simple Methods for Cultivation of American Cotton" in the "Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Society", and noticed the problem that good varieties and good methods must cooperate with each other. It can be said that he was a pioneer in popularizing upland cotton in my country and made great contributions in this regard. In 1933, the National Economic Commission established the Cotton Industry Control Committee in order to concentrate the forces of finance, agriculture, and industry to promote the improvement and development of cotton production, with Sun Enzhen serving as a member. In 1934, the association established the Central Cotton Production Improvement Institute in Nanjing. He served as director and led various provinces in cotton scientific research and promotion. He carefully designed, organized and implemented the "National Outline of Raw Cotton Facilities" with the cooperation of relevant parties, resulting in the country's cotton production achieving self-sufficiency in 1936, with an annual output of 850,000 tons of lint cotton, setting a record in national history. In the July 7th Incident of 1937, the Central Cotton Production Improvement Institute was merged into the Cotton Production Department of the Central Agricultural Experimental Institute, with Sun Enzhen serving as director. At the beginning of the following year, he moved westward with his hometown and arrived in Chongqing via Wuhan. At that time, Zou Bingwen and him discussed how to preserve the power of agricultural science and technology in times of crisis. They advocated the integration of agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing and other fields, stations, and stations in various provinces into one so as to concentrate their efforts to play a comprehensive role. This proposal was supported by Hunan Province Chairman Zhang Zhizhong. Sun Enzhen was hired as the first director of the Agricultural Improvement Institute of Hunan Province. At that time, the institute gathered senior professionals from various fields, including more than 30 people such as Zhou Gan, Zhou Yongzeng, and Bai Sijiu, as well as the original experts Zhou Shenghan and Li Qinwu, in total, more than 280 people. The focus of its work was to increase grain production. In addition to enriching the existing rice fields, they also established five cotton fields, including Changde and Li County, as well as gardening fields, and ginning plants. The Agricultural Improvement Office of Hunan Province moved nine times during the eight-year War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, but everyone was still able to continuously overcome difficulties and persist in research and promotion work. This is inseparable from Sun Enzhen's effective leadership and his ability to unite everyone to do their best and work together. They compiled and printed the monthly magazine "Hunan Agriculture" and the semi-monthly magazine "Hunan Agricultural News" to carry out science popularization and technology promotion. During this period, not only did Hunan achieve self-sufficiency in grain and increase cotton output, but new rice varieties such as Shengli Glaze, Wanli indica, and Nante indica were also cultivated and used on a large scale in production. This is a valuable achievement under conditions of war and extremely difficult material conditions. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry restored the establishment of the Cotton Production Improvement Department in 1946, with Sun Enzhen serving as the director. In order to revitalize my country's cotton production, he published an article entitled "General Discussion on the Improvement of Cotton Production in Our Country" at the beginning of the volume of "China Cotton News", listing seven tasks, including promoting improved varieties, holding cotton loans, increasing unit yields, preventing diseases and insects, establishing ginning plants and transportation and marketing institutions, implementing raw cotton grading, and strengthening experimental research, as the goal of efforts for personnel engaged in cotton production, scientific research, and promotion across the country. Since he returned to China in 1918 to devote himself to the improvement of China's cotton production, he often published articles on cotton and the cotton industry in newspapers and periodicals until 1948. To this end, in 1949, China Cotton Industry Publishing House published "Selected Works of Dr. Sun Enzhen's Cotton Industry Theses", which is one of the important historical documents of my country's cotton industry. At the end of 1948, after the victory of the Huaihai Campaign, the Nanjing National Government was in danger, and some people in the agricultural community went south one after another and traveled through Guangzhou to Taiwan. Relevant parties also mobilized Sun Enzhen to go to Taiwan, but he politely declined them. At this moment, he expressed his attitude to Zhang Zhizhong and Shao Lizi, representatives of the Nanjing government peace talks, that they must assess the situation and regard "peace as the most important thing." When Peiping was peacefully liberated in early 1949, he contacted Shu Lianying, head of the Northern Division of the Cotton Reform Office, and was willing to immediately detour north and defect to the Jiefang District. Later, Comrade Fang Kainong, a representative of the Economic and Military Commission, told him: First, the liberation of Nanjing is just around the corner, so there is no need to come first; second, calm down and respond to stabilize people's hearts, especially technical personnel; third, fight to protect property and beware of the destruction of instruments, improved seeds, books, and materials. To this end, he stayed at his post until the liberation of Nanjing and all the property of the Cotton Reform Bureau returned to the hands of the people intact. On June 4, he presided over the first symposium on increasing cotton production after the founding of the People's Republic of China. After the meeting, it was compiled into "Our Opinions on Improving National Raw Cotton Production"(minutes of the meeting), which was used as a goal for the coming period and attracted widespread attention from society. Liu Bocheng, commander of the Third Field Army, sent Liu Zunqi, director of the United Front Work Department, to pay a special visit to Sun Enzhen to express his encouragement and condolences. Later, Sun Enzhen went to Peiping to attend the National Congress of Natural Science Workers. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was transferred to Beijing to serve as director of the Industrial Raw Materials Department of the Ministry of Agriculture. Later, he successively served as deputy director of the General Administration of Agricultural Production, also served as acting director of the North China Institute of Agricultural Sciences, and participated in the preparation of the China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Comments: What is rare is that I have loved it since I was a child and have been doing it all my life