On October 23, 2018 (September 15, 2018, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was officially opened. English name of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge: HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Total length: 55 kilometers Design life: 120 years Total investment: more than 100 billion yuan Start time: December 15, 2009 Opening time: October 24, 2018 The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the longest mileage, most investment, and most difficult cross-sea bridge project in the history of China's construction. Question 1. Why build the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge? What is the point? The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge spans the Lingdingyang Ocean, connects the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the east, and connects Zhuhai City and the Macao Special Administrative Region in Guangdong Province in the west. It realizes the land connection between Zhuhai, Macao and Hong Kong for the first time, greatly shortening the distance between the three places. After opening to traffic, the driving time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai and Macau will be shortened from 3 hours to about 45 minutes. This is of great strategic significance for improving the comprehensive competitiveness of the Pearl River Delta region, maintaining the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao, and building the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Especially under the framework of "one country, two systems", the complete bridge project decision-making system successfully established by the three places is an extremely valuable asset for the overall infrastructure construction of the Greater Bay Area in the future. 2. What is special about the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge? The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has a total length of 55 kilometers and is the first cross-sea channel in China integrating bridges, dual artificial islands and tunnels. Schematic diagram of the main project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project includes three contents: one is the main project of the bridge and tunnel in the sea; the other is the ports of Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao; The third is the connecting line between Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao. Among them, the main project jointly built by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is about 29.6 kilometers long and consists of a 22.9-kilometer-long bridge project and a 6.7-kilometer-long submarine immersed tube tunnel. Two artificial islands are built at both ends of the tunnel, the east and the west, and two artificial islands are facing each other across the sea, with waves flying in the middle, making it magnificent. The Pearl of the Sea-the West Artificial Island 3. Why build an undersea tunnel? Can one bridge not work? The route of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge passes through the busiest main channel in the Lingdingyang Sea area. It currently reaches a navigation level of 100,000 tons, and 300,000 tons of oil tankers can pass in the long term. If a bridge is built, it must be a suspension bridge with a large span, high clearance, and tall towers. However, at the same time, it is close to the Hong Kong International Airport, and the height limit of buildings in the aviation field makes it impossible to achieve long-span, high-rise structures in this area. Therefore, the tunnel became the only feasible solution. In order to realize the conversion between the bridge and the tunnel, artificial islands were built at both ends of the tunnel. Therefore, this constitutes a combination of bridges, islands and tunnels for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. East Artificial Island (Photo/Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Administration)4. How high is the technological content of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge? Behind "super engineering" is "super innovation". The construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is extremely difficult. New materials, new processes, new equipment, and new technologies are emerging one after another. There are as many as 400 patents alone, filling gaps in many fields and creating the world's most difficult, longest, and deepest submarine highway immersed tube tunnel. Technologies such as the construction of the world's largest steel bridge section, the production, floating and installation of the world's longest undersea tunnel, and the rapid completion of two artificial islands have set many world records. China's first rapid island-building technology with deep-inserted steel cylinders has set a world engineering record for completing the construction of two islands in 221 days. 5. How to clear the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge? The bridge will adopt a customs clearance model of "three places and three inspections" and implement 24-hour customs clearance. The ports of the three places are respectively established and managed by the governments of the three places, and are all located within their respective territories. Among them, Zhuhai and Macau adopt an innovative model of "cooperative inspection and one-time release". The artificial island of the Zhuhai-Macao Port is the connection center between the main project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Zhuhai and Macao. The customs ports of the two places are set up on the island, realizing "urban transfer". The so-called "cooperative inspection, one-time release" means that the buffer zone between the two ports is eliminated and the two ports are directly connected together. Passengers only need to queue up once to complete the entry and exit procedures. What should be noted at the Zhuhai Highway Port is that whether it is a private car or a passenger car, only the driver is allowed to drive the vehicle alone for vehicle clearance, while passengers need to get off the vehicle and go to the "Entry-Exit" Personnel Inspection Hall for customs clearance. 6. What cars can pass on the bridge? Passable vehicles include: cross-border buses, shuttle buses, cross-border taxis, freight vehicles, cross-border private cars, etc. Whether private cars from the mainland can get on bridges is an issue of special concern to the people. At present, vehicles with licenses from Guangdong and Hong Kong, or single-license vehicles approved by the three local government departments, can get on the bridge. However, the number of vehicles in this part is not large. In the future, the governments of the three places will gradually relax vehicle quotas as appropriate, encouraging residents of the three places traveling between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao to choose the new route of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Due to the limited number of private cars qualified to go to the bridge, in order to meet the needs of more passengers, two passenger bus transportation methods, shuttle buses and cross-border direct buses, have been specially opened. There are two shuttle bus routes from Hong Kong to Zhuhai and Hong Kong to Macau. Vehicles only travel between ports. Passengers get off at the port and cross the border to their destination. Under normal circumstances, the shuttle bus leaves about 5 to 10 minutes. The fare is 58 yuan during the day and 63 yuan at night. Children, the elderly, etc. can purchase a 50% discount ticket. The shuttle bus at the Zhuhai-Macao Port can directly pick up and drop passengers and cross the border to and from fixed stations in urban Hong Kong and cities in the Pearl River Delta. In addition, there are a small number of cross-border taxis with licenses from both places. Passengers can take these commercial taxis from Zhuhai Port and go directly to Hong Kong Airport and Hong Kong Disneyland. The fare is 180 yuan. 7. How much is the bridge charged? How much does it cost for one pass? One main line toll station is set up along the line, located in the Zhuhai-Macao Port Artificial Island Bridge Management Area. Private cars, taxis 150 yuan/train cross-border direct buses 200 yuan/train shuttle buses 300 yuan/train ordinary trucks 60 yuan/train container trucks 115 yuan/train (the above charging standards are settled in RMB) Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge toll station Mainland ETC, Hong Kong Express can be used on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, and people can also make payments through bank cards, Alipay, and WeChat. The charging standard is based on RMB, and Hong Kong and Macao are converted in real time according to the exchange rate at the time of deduction. 8. How to change lanes for the Hong Kong and Macao right-hand rudder inland left-hand rudder bridge? According to the engineering design, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge adopts the mainland right-hand traffic rules, and the traffic conversion on the left and right sides is completed after vehicles arrive at the Hong Kong or Macao port. When arriving at the destination port, relevant guidelines will guide the driver to adjust in the corresponding direction. Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao have long-term exchanges. The drivers are experienced and there is no problem in operation. It is easy for drivers to get used to it. 9. How fast can you drive on the bridge? Can you turn around? The traffic speed is 100km/h, and the specific traffic speed will be flexibly adjusted based on factors such as traffic conditions, climate conditions, and traffic accident handling. Under non-emergency circumstances, U-turns are not allowed on the main bridge and at the port. Speed limit sign for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 10. Are there public toilets or gas stations on the bridge? The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is not equipped with public toilets, and parking is not allowed at will. Before entering the bridge, all ports in the three places were equipped with public toilets; no gas stations were set up along the bridge to provide refueling services to the public. According to the main project design, sightseeing, sightseeing, leisure and other functions are reserved on the East Artificial Island, and the three governments will decide when to open it to the public according to circumstances. The picture shows the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong section. How powerful is this century project? On October 19, media reporters visited the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road section. No. 1 It is one of the "New Seven Wonders of the World". During the construction of the bridge, scientists and engineers created more than 400 new patents and 7 of the world's most popular. The East Artificial Island of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was photographed on October 19. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is about to open. Longest cross-sea bridge: The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has a total length of 55 kilometers and is currently the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. Longest steel bridge: The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has 15 kilometers of all-steel structural steel box girders and is currently the longest steel bridge in the world. Longest undersea tunnel: The total length of the undersea immersed tube tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is 6.7 kilometers. Largest immersed tube tunnel: Standard pipe sections of immersed tube tunnel, each section is 180 meters long and has a displacement of more than 75000 tons. The most accurate kiss of the deep sea: Immersed tubes are unmanned docked on the seabed at depths ranging from 13 meters to 48 meters below sea level, and the docking error is controlled within 2 cm. The deepest tube tunnel: The deepest point of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge undersea tunnel is 48 meters below the sea. At present, the deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world is rarely more than 45 meters. It is the longest cross-sea bridge in the world's architectural history, the most investment, and the most difficult to construct. It was named one of the "New Seven Wonders of the World" by the British Guardian. The steel consumption of the bridge is equivalent to 60 Eiffel Towers. It can withstand a magnitude 8 earthquake, which is equivalent to being safe and sound during the Wenchuan earthquake. It can withstand a magnitude 16 typhoon and uproot trees. It has a "longevity" than other bridges in the country for 20 years and a service life of up to 120 years. Data chart: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Section. No. 2 Here you can see the 360° Invincible Sea View Bridge. There are also several viewing platforms. Standing here is like riding a dragon. It meanders over and plunges into the boundless Pacific Ocean. At a glance, it seems to lead to another magical world. It is full of curiosity and imagination. Guangzhou Reference¡¤Guangzhou Daily reporter Lu Zhengshe There are many beautiful islands standing on the bridge to see the sea, islands, blue sky, White clouds are very comfortable No. 3 There is a transportation hub from the future. This is called the "Mount Everest" in the transportation engineering industry The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is composed of four artificial islands, a 6.7-kilometer submarine immersed tube tunnel and a bridge. Viewed from high altitude, it looks like a future world. Looking down from Lantau Island, the bridge and the submarine tunnel are perfectly connected. I can't help but think about what kind of wisdom it is to complete such a project. No. 4 You can see the precious white dolphin here. The Chinese white dolphin is called the "water giant panda" and belongs to a national-level protected animal. It is very rare, although it is called the "white dolphin" But in fact, the romantic pink Pearl River Estuary in adulthood is the favorite home of white dolphins. In order to protect them, various measures were used to minimize the impact on them during the construction process of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, and a special viewing area was set up. You can see their lovely figures up close. No. 5 There is the most beautiful sunset here. If you drive in this dusk and add a lyrical song and a person you love, you will probably be intoxicated by this moment. The majestic bridge turns into a world of light and shadow Add a soft No. 6 Here is the brightest night scene at night. It is like a glowing "dragon" on the sea and connects Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao with the brightest attitude with the bright moon in the sky. The beautiful sea sea with bright stars makes people linger. It's beautiful to take a walk with the sea breeze