472 years ago today, on July 19, 1553 (June 9, 1553), Mary I became Queen of England and Ireland. Mary I (February 18, 1516 - November 17, 1558), Queen of England and Ireland (in theory she reigned from July 6, 1553, but in fact from July 19 until her death on November 17, 1558). She was the fourth Tudor monarch and an extremely devout Catholic. Her main deeds were her efforts to restore England from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism (1555). To this end, she executed almost three hundred opponents. She was called "Bloody Mary". Since then, Bloody Mary has become synonymous with witches in English. But her religious policies were largely overturned by her successor, Elizabeth I. Mary's early life was unfortunate. Her father, Henry VIII, had lost interest in her mother, Catherine, Princess of Aragon, and decided to divorce her. But the couple were both stubborn. Catherine insisted that she was queen, and she was determined to fight Henry VIII to the end. In fact, Catherine went from cooking to knitting to running the state. Her only mistake was not having a son. Only Mary survived Henry VIII and Catherine's children. There was no queen in England at the time, and Henry VIII also considered it unknown that a woman would inherit the throne. ( Of course, what's more important is that Catherine was originally Henry VIII's sister-in-law. After the death of his brother Arthur, King Henry VII took Catherine as a hostage to her father, King Ferdinand, for political gain, and deprived her of all her property. Henry VII was stunned, and his brazen son immediately married his ex-sister-in-law, who was 6 years older than him. They had a good time, but as Catherine grew older and faded, their relationship began to crumble. The Book of Leviticus writes that sleeping with his sister-in-law was a deep sin. Henry believed that God would not recognize their sinful marriage at all, so he cursed him for having only one daughter, Princess Mary, which in fact did not exist at all.) In order to divorce Catherine and then install his beloved court lady Anne Boleyn (who would later become the second queen) on the throne, Henry VIII broke with the Catholic court, which did not allow him to divorce, and established the Anglican Church of England. Henry VIII's son Edward VI (the third queen's child) survived the council and was later destroyed by his sister Mary. After that, the fate of Princess Mary was even more difficult. She was not allowed to see her mother. On various occasions, she was called Miss "Mary Tudor", not a princess. Her father excluded her in every way, her handmaidens were replaced, and she was placed under house arrest and stripped of all titles. But she still stubbornly called herself the king's rightful daughter, not some illegitimate daughter. This made Henry VIII very angry. He annulled all possible marriages of his daughters, including Charles V, the most powerful Holy Roman Emperor of the time (who was Mary's cousin), and the wealthy King of France, François (who was also Mary's cousin, of course). In addition, she had to degenerate into a court nurse, serving her sister, Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of Anne Boleyn, from the age of 17. Mary's stepmother, Anne Boleyn, was finally executed for treason for debauchery. So there was a new stepmother, and Princess Elizabeth also degenerated into a harem nanny. Serving her brother Edward VI. But the bad luck mostly ended after Henry VIII's death. In 1553, Mary overthrew the reign of Princess Jane Grey, Queen of the Nine Heavens (who was 16 years old, four years younger than her cousin Elizabeth I), beheaded her, and established a Catholic government. It was her unhappy early life that caused her resentment and violent temper towards Protestantism. She married her nephew, King Philip II of Spain, and strengthened Catholicism through this unpopular marriage, but the groom hardly ever lived in England, so there were no descendants. So when Queen Mary died in 1558, her sister, Princess Elizabeth, became the Queen of England and Ireland of course. At about the same time, there was another queen named Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, Mary I. Stuart's granddaughter. She finally died at the hands of her cousin Elizabeth I. After her reign ended, Protestant Elizabeth I ascended the throne and Catholic rule ended. Comment: A famous queen in history.