114 years ago today, on November 14, 1911 (September 24, 1911 lunar calendar), the Moroccan crisis ended. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the imperialist powers divided Africa one after another. Morocco is located in the northwest of Africa, with the Strait of Gibraltar in the north, which is of great strategic importance. As a result, French and German imperialism launched a fierce competition against Morocco. This was the second Moroccan crisis. In 1902, France and Spain concluded a secret treaty to divide Morocco. In the same year, France and Italy signed a treaty, which stipulated that they would not interfere with their respective plans in Morocco and Libya. 1904 France and Britain made a secret deal: France recognized Egypt as entirely British, and Britain recognized Morocco as French. Germany opposed the deal, believing that Morocco should not be owned by France. In May 1904, France provided huge loans to Morocco on the condition of controlling customs duties at important Moroccan ports, hiring French military instructors, and mining and building roads, prompting it to implement a "reform plan", which contradicted Germany. In March 1905, when Kaiser Wilhelm II visited Morocco, he claimed that the Moroccan sultan was an "independent monarch" and that the great powers had "absolutely equal status" in Morocco, and publicly opposed the French transformation of Morocco into its protectorate. Relations between France and Germany were tense. In 1906, when the conference of the participating states of the 1880 Madrid Convention was held in Algisiras, Spain, Germany was forced to concede due to the support of Britain and Russia for France. The conference declared Morocco's "independence", but at the same time recognized that France and Spain had police powers over Morocco. Then the French power in Morocco increased, causing strong resistance from the local people. 1911 Insurrection in Fez, the capital of Morocco. In April, France sent troops to occupy Fez under the pretext of protecting its citizens and quelling riots. Germany responded quickly, sending the gunboat "Leopard" to Agadir to demonstrate, ready to capture Morocco. War was imminent, and Britain could not tolerate the establishment of a German naval base near Gibraltar. It decided to support France, claiming that it would not hesitate to fight Germany over Morocco. Germany was forced to negotiate with France. On November 14, the two countries signed a treaty. Germany recognized Morocco as a French protectorate, but received a part of the French Congo (an area of 275,000 square kilometers) as compensation. Although the crisis ended, the crisis strengthened the alliance between Britain and France, but intensified the confrontation between France and Germany. In 1912, France declared Morocco its protectorate.