On September 26, 2006 (August 5, 2006 in the lunar calendar), nuclear non-proliferation efforts encountered a major setback. In 2006, the Iranian nuclear issue dispute finally broke through the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and North Korea conducted an underground nuclear test. These two events show that international nuclear non-proliferation efforts have encountered major setbacks. On November 14, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad spoke at a press conference in the capital Tehran. He said Iran would continue to advance its nuclear program and would eventually install 60,000 centrifuges to make enriched uranium. Over the past year, Iran's progress in nuclear technology has shaken the International Atomic Energy Agency, although such progress is far from the "level of nuclear weapons" that the United States is worried about. At present, the purity of Iran's enriched uranium reaches at least 5% industrial grade. Lower purity uranium can be used as fuel for nuclear power plants, and if the purity is above 90%, uranium can be used to make nuclear weapons. At the beginning of this year, Iran announced that it would increase the number of centrifuges to 3000 by the end of the year, and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad even said that Iran would eventually install 60,000 centrifuges. The Korean Central News Agency announced on October 9, 2006 that North Korea had successfully conducted an underground nuclear test that day, which shocked the world. Although the international community has different opinions on the technical data of North Korea's nuclear test, they all believe that North Korea's nuclear test is an accurate fact. This shows that North Korea already has the technology and ability to manufacture nuclear weapons, although its technology and capabilities are still a mystery. In addition, the international nuclear disarmament process has stalled, and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty has been delayed in entering into force. Western countries have implemented double standards, making the authority and effectiveness of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons question by non-nuclear countries. In March this year, the United States signed a civil nuclear energy cooperation agreement with India, which refused to sign the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Under the boycott of the United States and other Western countries, the 50th ordinary session of the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency held in September this year failed to vote on the resolution jointly submitted by Arab countries on "Israel's Nuclear Capabilities and Nuclear Threats." At present, in addition to countries that already possess nuclear weapons, there are still about 30 countries in the world that have reached a high level of nuclear technology. Once these countries withdraw from the international non-proliferation regime, they will have the technical capabilities to manufacture nuclear weapons in a short period of time. At the same time, international terrorists obtain sensitive nuclear technology and high-purity nuclear materials through underground smuggling channels, increasing the risk of nuclear terrorist attacks. Data from the International Atomic Energy Agency's Illicit Trafficking Prevention Database show that in the past three years, there have been more than 100 incidents of smuggling, theft, illegal possession, transportation and trading of nuclear materials around the world every year, among which cross-border nuclear smuggling activities have also increased significantly.