On this day, 124 years ago, September 7, 1901 (July 25, 1901 in the lunar calendar), the Treaty of Xin Chou was signed. The Qing government sent plenipotentiary representatives, Prince Yi Kuang (front right 1) and Li Hongzhang (front right 2), to sign the Treaty of Xin Chou in Beijing with representatives of China, the United States, Russia, Germany, Japan, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and Belgium. On September 7, 1901, a diplomatic delegation composed of ministers from Germany, Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Spain, France, Britain, Italy, the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, and Russia, presided over by its leader Ge Luogan, held talks with Chinese Plenipotentiary Ministers Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang at the Spanish Embassy. The final protocol of the peace talks was signed and the ceremony ended at 11:30. On that day, the Treaty of Xin Chou was officially signed. The main contents include: the Qing government compensated various countries for military expenditures of 450 million taels of silver, of which Tsarist Russia received more than 130 million taels of silver, with customs and salt taxes as collateral; demolished all coastal fortresses from Beijing to Dagu; various countries retained troops to garrison important towns along the Beijing-Shanhaiguan railway; delineated embassy boundaries in Beijing, allowing various countries to send troops to protect them, and not allowing China people to live within the boundaries; China people were forever prohibited from forming or participating in anti-imperialist organizations and movements; Change the Prime Minister's Yamen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ranking first among the six divisions. The signing of the treaty caused China to lose a lot of sovereignty. Among the spoils, Tsarist Russia received the most. Tsarist Foreign Minister Ramstov said: "The 1900 War against China was the most profitable war rare in history." Various unequal treaties On the morning of September 7, 1901, the sun was burning and the heat had not subsided. Yi Yi and Li Hongzhang, plenipotentiary representatives of the Qing Dynasty, attended the Qi venue with representatives of 11 countries including Germany, Austria, Belgium, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, the Netherlands, and Spain. Li Hongzhang came to help the sick, but he couldn't support it. The twelve treaties have been agreed long ago and do not need to be further discussed. After all representatives signed the 12 texts in order, they formally came into effect. Article 12 of the treaty is: Article 1 (1) Regarding the murder of Minister Klinder, Baron of the imperial envoy of the Great Germany, Prince Zaifeng of Chun was appointed as the first-class envoy to go to the Great Emperor of the Great Germany to represent the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the country's regret. (2) The Qing Dynasty has stated that a monument with inscriptions was erected at the place where the victim was killed and written in Latin, German and Chinese. Paragraph 2 (1) Punishing all ministers who have harmed the countries and peoples of other countries. (2) Suspension of civil and military examinations for five years in towns where people from various countries have been killed and tortured. Section 3. Due to the murder of Bin Isugiyama, Secretary of the Embassy of the Great Japan, an edict was issued to send Natong, Minister of Revenue, as an envoy to go to the Great Emperor of the Great Japan to represent the pity of the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the country. Paragraph 4 The Qing Dynasty has made the state consent to the excavation of tombs in various countries and the construction of monuments to clean up the dirt and snow humiliation. A list of tombs where monuments were built is hereby listed below. Article 5 The Qing Dynasty has agreed that arms and various equipment and materials specially designed for the manufacture of arms are not allowed to be transported into China. Section 6 The Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty agreed that the country would pay 450 trillion taels of customs silver. This 450 trillion yuan is converted into gold according to the market price of customs silver. This 450 trillion yuan will be repaid at an annual interest rate of 4%. The original will be repaid by China in 39 years according to various chapters of the attached table. Section 7 The Qing Dynasty allowed the boundaries of each embassy to be exclusive to residential use, and were managed solely by the embassy. China people were not allowed to live within the boundaries, and they could also defend themselves. Paragraph 8 The Qing Dynasty has agreed to flatten the Dagu Fort and all the battalions that hinder the passage from the capital to the sea, and has now tried to do so. Section 9. The China state agrees that various countries will jointly decide on several locations at the discretion of each country, and retain troops to guard them, so as to ensure that the passage from the capital to the sea will not be cut off. Section 10 The Qing Dynasty agreed to issue notices in various prefectures, prefectures, prefectures and counties for two years: 1. The imperial edict was to permanently ban or establish or enter meetings with enemies of various countries, and all violators would be beheaded. 2. In the upper decree, the punishment of offenders is clearly stated one by one. 3. The imperial order should stop civil and military examinations in all towns and cities because people of various countries were killed and tortured. 4. The imperial decree stipulates that all provincial governors, civil and military officials and officials in relevant departments, have the responsibility to ensure peace within their respective territories. Section 11 The Qing Dynasty agreed to negotiate on all matters related to trade and shipping treaties that various countries deemed to be subject to trade and change, as well as other matters related to trade and shipping, in order to be appropriate and simple. Paragraph 12 changes the Prime Minister's Office for National Affairs to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the discretion of each country, with six departments in front of each country, and each country changes the etiquette for meeting ministers. Since the Qing Dynasty is like this, according to the above, it will be appropriate to the wishes of all countries. Then China is willing to end the situation caused by the riots in the summer of 1900, and all countries will also follow suit.