125 years ago today, on June 10, 1900 (May 14, 1900 in the lunar calendar), the Eight-Power Allied Forces of the Boxer Rebellion took the opportunity to expand their aggression against China. War of Aggression against China: In order to suppress the vigorous Boxer Rebellion in the north, imperialism took the opportunity to expand its aggression against China. On June 10, 1900, under the command of British Vice-Admiral Seymour, more than 2,000 invading alliances composed of eight imperialist countries: Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, Italy and Austria launched another war of aggression against China. The total strength of the Eight-Power Allied Army reached 123,000 at its peak, of which the British army was about 33,400, the Russian army was about 23,000, the German army was about 23,700, the Japanese army was about 22,000, the French army was about 20,000, the American army was about 5,800, the Italian army was about 2,000, and the Austrian army was 300. In mid-June 1900, the British Vice Admiral Seymour led the invading coalition army of nearly 2,000 people, who attacked Beijing from Tianjin and were blocked in Langfang. On June 17, the coalition army captured the Dagu Battery as a beachhead for the attack on China. The Qing government issued an edict to the governors and governors of various places, declaring that they were forced to "declare war" on various countries. At the same time, it ordered the Boxer Regiment to fight foreign aggression with the Qing army. In fact, the Qing government did not have the courage and determination to fight against the foreign invaders at all, and only wanted to use the Boxer Rebellion to resist the invading army in order to survive. As long as the foreign powers promised to stop military attacks, the Qing government could sacrifice the Boxer Rebellion at any time. Under the strong offensive of the invaders, Tianjin fell on July 14, and the invaders established a capital yamen in Tianjin to carry out colonial rule. On August 2, the troops were assembled and 20,000 advanced from Tianjin along the two sides of the canal to Beijing. Every step the invaders took was met with death resistance from the Boxer people. In order to prevent the development of the Boxer Rebellion in the south, imperialism signed the so-called "Southeast Mutual Protection Regulations" with the governors and governors of the southern provinces, which stipulated that the Shanghai Concession was jointly protected by all countries, and the Yangtze River and the interior of the Soviet Union and Hangzhou, and later expanded to the provinces of Guangdong, Guangdong, Two Lakes, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, etc., were all under the protection of the governors and governors. In this way, while the anti-imperialist struggle in the northern provinces was in full swing, the Boxer Rebellion movement in the southeastern provinces did not develop smoothly, and did not create a situation of attacking the north and south of the Eight-Power Allied Army. Wherever the Eight-Power Allied Army went, they burned, murdered, raped, and committed adultery without evil. After the city of Tianjin was destroyed, the dead bodies accumulated for miles. After Beijing was captured, the corpses were pillowed up, and even the maggots The people around Beijing and Tianjin were plunged into the bloody terror of imperialism, and even the imperialist Hurd had to admit that the "occupied area of the invading army has become hell on earth." The rapes of Chinese women by the invading army were heinous, from the relatives of the emperor and the state to the common people. The seven daughters of Yulu, the governor of Zhili, were all captured by the coalition army. The family members of the nobleman Chongqi were gang-raped by dozens at the Temple of Heaven. The imperialist robbers carried out appalling looting. In Beijing, the army was authorized to loot openly for three days. The Yuanmingyuan, known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens", was looted again. From the generals of the coalition army, the embassy officials, to every soldier, from bishops to priests, from ministers to interpreters, no one was left behind in the open-fire robbery. The British army was famous for being good at finding all kinds of hidden gold and silver. The British Embassy became the largest auction house. The Russian army's robbery was even more barbaric, and all that could not be taken was smashed to pieces. The French commander Freer alone stole 40 boxes of treasures. The Japanese stole 20,000 taels of silver in one place in Tianjin, and 3 million taels of silver in the inventory of the Beijing Household Department. In order to sell the stolen goods and destroy the traces, they burned the government office. After the Tsarist Russia and the Germans successively robbed the treasures of the Yiluan Hall of Empress Dowager Cixi, they also set fire to the Yiluan Hall. The invaders of Germany, Italy, Austria and other countries also did their best, and in a few days, almost all of them became rich. The bronze instruments of the Qin Tianjian of the Qing Dynasty have a history of more than 200 years, and they were all divided between Germany and France. Chinese books and classics of all dynasties were destroyed. Nine times out of ten, the treasures in the park were transported by camel to Tianjin, and then transferred out of the country. How many treasures did the invaders steal from China? As Wadesi confessed in "Notes on Fist Chaos": "The details will never be found out." This is not only a disaster for Chinese culture, but also a disaster for human civilization. When the Eight-Power Allied Forces entered Beijing on August 14, Empress Dowager Cixi changed into peasant women's clothes, did not wash her face, did not comb her hair, and brought dozens of people, including the Emperor Guangxu and his dear ministers, to flee to Xi'an in a hurry under the name of Western Tour. On the one hand, he authorized Prince Qing Yi and Li Hongzhang to act as plenipotentiary representatives to "act cheaply" and beg for peace with the invaders; on the other hand, he ordered the Boxer Regiment to be "painfully eradicated" and "the soldiers and officers worked together to So far, the face of the Qing government's "declaration of war" was exposed. In September, German Field Marshal Waldsey was elected as the commander-in-chief of the coalition forces to China. The invading army gradually increased to 100,000 people, from Beijing and Tianjin, and invaded Shanhaiguan, Baoding, Zhengding and Shanxi. During this period, the Imperial Russia also mobilized 170,000 infantry and cavalry alone to invade the three northeastern provinces of China in six ways, in an attempt to monopolize the three northeastern provinces to realize its "Yellow Russia" plan. Most of them killed people without guns, or burning, or flooding, or axing, or stabbing, or cutting the trachea. In the Aihui area alone, more than 100,000 Chinese were killed in one day. In the Heihe River, all 8,000 Chinese were driven into the river by Russian soldiers, and only 30 to 40 people survived. In Hailanpao and Jiangdong 60 Tun, almost all of the 5,000 residents were killed and drowned. In Nibuchu and other places, those who were shot, flooded, and burned by Tsarist Russia, no less than 200,000 people, owed countless blood debts to the Chinese people. In December, the imperialists proposed the "Peace Outline" to the Qing government. Empress Dowager Cixi saw that the imperialists did not punish themselves as the "culprit" who had used the Boxer Rebellion. She was overjoyed and immediately accepted the imperialist conditions in their entirety. She also shamelessly said: "I read the forgiveness of the nations, the ignorance of foolishness and ignorance, and I regret it after the fact, and the intersection of shame and indignation," saying that I want to "measure the material strength of China and unite with the joy of the country." On September 7, 1901 (the 27th year of Guangxu), in addition to the eight imperialist countries, Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands were added, a total of 11 countries, and the Qing government was forced to sign the humiliating "Treaty of Ugliness". The main contents are: 1. Extortion of compensation from China of four hundred million silver taels, which will be paid off in 39 years, with a total of nine hundred million 80 million taels of principal and interest, and more than 20 million taels of compensation from provinces and localities. 2. Demolition of the battery between Beijing and Dagu, allowing countries to send troops to guard the railway line from Beijing to Shanhaiguan, and placing the Qing Dynasty under the armed surveillance of imperialism. 3. Beijing's East Jiaomin Lane was designated as an "embassy area", and the Chinese people were prohibited from living and entering, and troops from various countries were stationed. " The Embassy District "became" a state within a state "and became the stronghold of imperialist aggression against China. The ministers of various countries became the supreme emperor of the Qing government. IV. Punish officials who participated in the anti-imperialist struggle in the Boxer Rebellion movement, and forever prohibit the anti-imperialist struggle of the Chinese people. Anyone who established or joined the anti-imperialist organizers will be beheaded. Those who do not suppress or ineffectively suppress the anti-imperialist movement within their own jurisdiction will be" dismissed immediately and will never be appointed ". V. Change the Prime Minister's Yamen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ranking at the top of the six departments, to facilitate the implementation of surrender diplomacy. VI. The Qing government dispatched ministers to Germany and Japan to" apologize for their crimes "and set up an archway at the place where the German minister was killed. For the slain Japanese embassy secretary, Sugiyama Bin" must use the code of honor. The Empress Dowager Cixi was satisfied that the imperialists did not regard her as the "culprit" and still recognized China's "independence and integrity" on the surface, so she approved the treaty with satisfaction, and also expressed her intention to "measure China's material resources and unite with the country's joy." The war of aggression against China by the Eight-Power Allied Forces and the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty" marked the complete reduction of China to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.