On this day 65 years ago, October 1, 1960 (August 11, 1960 lunar calendar), Nigeria became independent. Nigeria is one of the oldest countries in Africa, with a long history of more than 1,000 years and a splendid national culture. It is located in the southeast of West Africa, bordering Cameroon to the east, Chad across Lake Chad to the northeast, Benin to the west, Niger to the north, and the Gulf of Guinea bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of 924,000 square kilometers and has a 100 million population. It is the most populous country in Africa. Nigeria has a number of ancient cities for studying African history, as well as many traditional cultural festivals with distinctive characteristics of various tribes; there are scenic spots and tourist attractions such as Yankari Nature Zoo, Ou Falls, Ognibunica Cave and Ikogo Hot Spring, as well as developed road and air transportation networks. However, in the past 100 years, Nigeria has been a British colony, the economy is quite backward, and the people live in poverty. After a long and heroic struggle, the Nigerian people finally won their national independence on October 1, 1960. Since then, Nigeria has worked hard to develop its economy according to its own national conditions in order to consolidate its hard-won political independence. Nigeria's oil extraction and petrochemical industry are among the best in Africa. The country's proven oil reserves are 4 billion tons, and the estimated total reserves are 7 billion tons. Since the mid-1960s, Nigeria has been exploiting a lot of oil, and its production has been increasing. In 1965, oil production was 5 million tons, reaching 53 million tons in 1970 and 114 million tons in 1979, surpassing Libya, which was the largest oil producer in Africa at that time. After the 1980s, the annual oil production was still controlled at about 100 million tons. In order to protect oil resources, the Nigerian government established the National Petroleum Corporation in 1971 to manage oil production uniformly. In 1972, it announced the nationalization of oil resources, cancelled the concession rights of foreign companies, and expanded its shares in foreign companies. By 1979, the Nigerian government's shares in foreign oil companies had accounted for 60%. Most of the oil produced in Nigeria, in addition to domestic consumption, is exported, which has won huge foreign exchange earnings for the country. The oil industry has become the main pillar industry of Nigeria's national economy. Due to Nigeria's tropical location, fertile land and abundant rainfall, it is very suitable for the development of agricultural production. Previously, Nigeria has always been an agricultural country, exporting food every year. But with the development of the oil industry, the Nigerian government neglected agricultural production, causing the agricultural country, which mainly grows cash crops such as palm, cocoa and peanuts, to have to spend a lot of foreign exchange to buy food. In order to reverse this situation, the Nigerian government launched a "green revolution" in 1980, which achieved good results. China and Nigeria established formal diplomatic relations in 1971, and the friendly and cooperative relations between China and Nigeria in various fields such as politics, economy and culture have developed smoothly since then.