On this day 184 years ago, on June 28, 1841 (May 10, 1841 lunar calendar), Lin Zexu was demoted to Yili, Xinjiang. On June 28, 1841, the Qing government ordered Lin Zexu to be sent to Yili, Xinjiang. During the Opium War, when the British army invaded Haikou, Tianjin, the capitulating bureaucrats took the opportunity to frame Lin Zexu. Emperor Daoguang dismissed Lin Zexu on October 3, 1840 for "mistaking the country and the sick and doing bad things". In early May 1841, Lin Zexu was ordered to go to Zhejiang to serve with the camp as a fourth-grade minister. But soon, the dim Emperor Daoguang blamed Lin Zexu for "abolishing the camp" for the military failure of Yishan Shi's Guangdong side. Today, he was ordered to be removed from the title of fourth-grade minister and sent to Yili. Lin Zexu (1785-1850), the character "Fu", and the character "Shaomu", the evening name "Zai Village Elder", Fuzhou, Fujian, was born in a feudal scholar-bureaucrat family. Jiaqing Jinshi, into the Hanlin Academy. In his early years in Beijing, he participated in the activities of the Xuannan Poetry Society, and advocated the study of light age with Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, Huang Jue Zi, etc. He successively supervised the imperial history, Taoist, magistrate, emissary, governor and governor. During his tenure, he paid attention to practical investigation, eliminated bad government, established water conservancy, rectified salt government, and provided relief to famine. He was famous for his excellent talent and clean work style. At the end of 1838, he was appointed as the imperial envoy and went to Guangdong to ban opium. After the outbreak of the Opium War, Lin Zexu was hit repeatedly. On the way to leave, he was recommended by Wang Ding, a great scholar, to control the gap of the Yellow River in Henan. After completion, he was During his time in Yili, he established water conservancy, reclaimed farmland, and promoted advanced production technology. After 1845, he was re-opened as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, the governor of Shaanxi, and the governor of Yungui. At the end of 1849, he returned home from illness. In 1850, he was appointed as an imperial minister to go to Guangxi to suppress the God-worshiping church, and died on the way to Puning. Lin Zexu was not only an eager patriot. The most glorious achievement in his life was during the Opium War. His main achievements are: 1. Strictly implement the smoking ban. In his early years as governor of Jiangsu, Lin Zexu conscientiously implemented the smoking ban decree of the Qing government and achieved initial results. During his tenure, Governor Guang set up anti-smoking bureaus in Hankou, Changsha and other places. He used his own salary to prepare smoking cessation pills. He led his subordinates to confiscate tobacco and smoking sets and ordered smokers to quit regularly. The results were remarkable. At the end of 1838, when debating Huang Jue Zi's proposal to ban smoking, Emperor Daoguang was hesitant. Lin Zexu felt the harm of opium poisoning China, and wrote in support of Huang Jue Zi and advocated for smoking ban. He pointed out: "If you still look at it, it will be that after several decades, there will be few soldiers in the Central Plains who can defend the enemy, and there will be no silver that can be paid." It prompted Emperor Daoguang to make up his mind to ban smoking. Lin Zexu then ordered to Guangdong to investigate the prohibition of opium, becoming a representative of the strict prohibition faction in the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty and the actual leader of the anti-smoking movement. In March 1839, Lin Zexu went to Guangzhou and worked with Governor Deng Tingzhen to crack down on smugglers and punish officials who took bribes. He solemnly declared to foreign businesspeople: "If the opium continues for a day, this minister will not return for a day, and I swear to stay with this matter In the end, he forced British and American cigarette sellers to hand over more than 2.3 million catties of opium, which was destroyed in public on Humen Beach from June 3 to 25. He achieved a great victory in the fight against smoking, dealt a heavy blow to the British invaders, and opened a glorious chapter in China's modern anti-aggression struggle. Second, Lin Zexu believed that "the hearts of the people can be used" and actively organized the masses to resolutely resist foreign aggression. In Guangzhou, he gradually realized the arduousness of smoking ban and the war threat of Western invaders, so he vigorously rectified coastal defense, trained water courage, and strengthened combat readiness. He believed that to resist aggression, we must not only be "well-equipped, skilled, courageous, and united," but also use the "crowd" of the "people" to resist the "strength" of the "barbarians. Therefore, he dared to publicly tell and encourage the people, "As soon as the British and Japanese soldiers entered the country, they could kill everyone with a knife." Under his leadership, he thwarted the armed provocations and attacks of the British army many times. Even during his dismissal and stay in Guangdong, he still persisted in the struggle against the invaders and traitors Qishan. On his way out, he also actively studied "recovery strategies" and summarized anti-British experience. In Xinjiang for three years, he sensed that the Tsarist Russia was planning to invade China. A few months before his death, he still shouted loudly and warned the people: "I am a Chinese patient in the end, and it is Russia! I am old, and you should see it." When Lin Zexu worried about the country, not only did he have a consistent anti-aggression position, but he was also very discerning in terms of his understanding of the situation of foreign capitalist aggression in China. Lin Zexu deserves to be the first great patriot and national hero in modern China. 3. Advocate learning from the West. Lin Zexu's struggle practice after arriving in Guangzhou made him quickly get rid of the traditional prejudice of closing the country. He put forward the proposition of "learning from the enemy's long skills to control the enemy". Therefore, he actively understood the political, military and economic situation of Western capitalist countries, set up a translation library, translated foreign language books, newspapers, statutes, military technology and other works, organized the compilation of "The Chronicle of the Four Continents", and created a modern ethos of studying the West. In addition, in terms of foreign trade, he also put forward the correct principle of "those who worship the law come, and those who resist the law go". In short, under the conditions of the time, Lin Zexu was able to "seek truth from facts, regardless of the trend of the times," without the arrogance of a "great power in the Celestial Dynasty", nor for the outdated concept of viewing foreign countries as "foreign people" for thousands of years, "creating a reckless, pioneering the way forward." The first relief sculpture "destruction of opium at Humen" on the Monument to the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square shows Lin Zexu's immortal historical achievements and status to future generations. Lin Zexu's struggle against the British was tragic. Lin Zexu's spirit and character are the embodiment of the excellent tradition of Chinese culture for thousands of years. However, Lin Zexu's personal experience was unfortunate, and he suffered repeated blows in a struggle to safeguard the interests of the country and the nation. This is the inevitable fate of the elites of the nation in corrupt politics and backward economic conditions. This is also a great misfortune for the entire nation. Future generations can't think deeply about this! Lin Zexu's books include "Yunzuo Shanfang Wenzui", "Yunzuo Shanfang Poetry Banknotes", "Lin Zexu Collection" and so on.