Thirty-four years ago today, on September 14, 1991 (August 7, 1991), the South African Peace Agreement to stop violence among blacks was signed. In September 1984, the African National Congress (ANC) and the Inkapei Liberal Party first clashed violently. Since then, the violence has expanded and intensified. Since August 1990, the conflict between the ANC and Inkatha supporters has reached a white-hot level, with the two factions of blacks armed with long grass, axes and other weapons fighting and killing on the streets of the black quarter. In seven years, 11,000 blacks have died. The violent conflict threatened the peace process and the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. The leaders of the ANC and Inkata held several meetings on the conflict issue, but failed to reach an understanding. In May 1991, a group of South African religious and business people came to the relevant parties to mediate, and finally reached an agreement in principle in mid-August. More than 300 representatives of 23 political parties, groups and mass organizations held a national peace conference at the Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg. The leaders of various parties and organizations, including South African President de Klerk, ANC President Mandela, and Inkata Liberal Party Chairperson Buthelezi, signed the Carlton Peace Agreement. The agreement aims to stop violence among blacks, establish rules of conduct for political parties; establish a commission to investigate police misconduct and acts of political violence; require parties not to incite or resort to violence; and establish a multi-party National Peace Council to oversee the implementation of the peace agreement. White right-wing political groups and hard-line black groups, the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania and the Azania People's Organization, did not sign the agreement. The agreement is the first step by South African parties to end seven years of black violence.