Sixty-two years ago today, on June 11, 1963 (April 20, 1963), Moroccan national hero Kerim passed away. Mohamed-Ben-Abd-Kerim-Hattabi (1882-1963) was a Moroccan national hero, a famous military strategist and statesman, and the leader of the 1921-1926 Rif uprising. Mohamed-Ben-Abd-Kerim was born in 1882 in the village of Ajdir in the mountains of northern Morocco. His great-grandfather, Abd-Kerim, was a Sharif of the Idris dynasty who named his family after him, giving rise to the Abd-Kerim family. His father was a famous Qadi from his tribe. He received a good education from an early age. In addition to his mother tongue, Berber, he also mastered Arabic and Spanish. Before the end of World War I, although Morocco had been partitioned, due to the outbreak of the war, neither France nor Spain exercised effective rule over most of its territory. Especially in the Spanish region, due to the continuous struggle of the local people, the colonial authorities were unable to exercise jurisdiction in many areas. After the war ended, the Spanish government decided to conquer the whole of Spanish Morocco. In 1920, General Sylvester, the supreme military commander of the Spanish colonial authorities, led the Western colonial army and began to invade the Rif Mountains. Abdou-Krim helped his father set up the military headquarters, deploying more than 400 armed Uriagles in the Tafrsit belt to block the enemy, thus opening the prelude to the Rif uprising. Soon, under the conspiracy of the Spanish colonial authorities, Abdou-Krim's father was tragically poisoned and killed. At the Uriagrad tribal council, the shrewd and resourceful Abdou-Krim was elected as the military leader of the tribe. Remembering his father's last words "never submit to the Spaniards", he was determined to lead the masses to fight for the dignity, freedom and independence of the nation to the end. In the first half of 1921, Sylvester relied on his military superiority to quickly capture important strongholds such as Houthema and Abala. Abdul-Kerim was not discouraged by the initial defeat. After careful consideration, he decided to launch a surprise attack on Abala while the Western army was proud and underestimating the enemy. As a result, after a few hours of hand-to-hand combat, the Uriagrads became the masters of Abala again. This victory sounded the battle horn for a full-scale uprising in the Reef, and the hesitant tribes defected to Ajdir, which quickly increased to 3,000 within a few weeks. Abdul-Krim grabbed the fighter jets, took advantage of the victory, and launched the Battle of Anuwal and the Battle of Mount Arui from July 21 to 26 and in early August. The rebels first cleared the enemy's outlying strongholds, and then penetrated the enemy's heart like a sharp knife. The colonial army, which beat 20,000 people, was wiped out. Sylvester, the general leader of the colonial army, was forced to commit suicide, and Navarro, the other leader of the colonial army, was captured alive. The rebel army was completely victorious. In the battle of Anuwal alone, 129 cannons, more than 400 machine guns, more than 20,000 rifles, and countless ammunition were captured. Even Western historians of colonialism have to lament that this great defeat in Spain "is the second great failure in the history of colonization of any country." Inspired by this great victory, the other tribes of the Rif joined the anti-colonial national uprising and rallied closely around Abdo-Krim. From then on, Abdo-Krim became the military and political leader of the entire Rif from the military chief of the Uriagrad tribe. In early 1923, as more and more tribes joined the uprising, the eastern and central parts of the Rif were basically unified, and the conditions for the establishment of a state were ripe. On February 1, Abdo-Krim convened a congress of all tribes participating in the uprising, which officially adopted a document signed by 12 Qayidis, confirming Abdo-Krim as the emir of the Rif and proclaiming the establishment of an independent Rif state. After 1924, Abdou-Kerim's main energy turned to the military. At the beginning of the year, the Spanish authorities, unwilling to accept defeat, mobilized a large number of reinforcements from the mainland to Morocco, and under the cover of the air force, launched an attack from both east and west. It also instructed the great feudal lord of the west, Raisouli, to provoke the Rif. Abdou-Kerim deployed the Rif army on the defense line from Tetouan to Melilla, and personally commanded the operation on the eastern front. The Rif army quickly destroyed Raisouli's forces and then concentrated on fighting the colonial army. In the battles of Sidi-Meso and the Battle of the Loh Valley, the Rif army defeated the Spanish colonial army and then advanced to Tuan'an. After thirty thousand dead, the remnants of the Spanish army again retreated to the coastal garrisons. The second attack of the Western army suffered a shameful defeat. The struggle of the people of the Rif dealt a serious blow to and threatened the French and Spanish colonial rule in Morocco. France and Spain increasingly felt that in order to maintain their respective colonial rule, the two countries must join forces to suppress the people of the Rif. After a series of negotiations, in July 1925, the two sides reached an agreement to establish a French and Spanish committee and decided to take joint military action. In August, the French 300,000 regular army began a full-scale offensive in the south; in September, the 100,000 Western army, supported by the French fleet, landed in the Gulf of Hoothema and took advantage of the empty opportunity behind the Rif to capture the capital of the Rif state, Ajdir. Under the strong offensive of the French and Western forces, the Rif army, which numbered only 70,000, gradually lost the initiative. In May 1926, the French mobile forces, with the cooperation of the air force, broke through the Buzenib Line, opening the way to the command of Abd-Kerim and approaching Talgist. On May 27, Abd-Kerim was forced to surrender to France. The vigorous liberation movement of the Rif finally failed. After Abdou Krim surrendered, he was exiled by the French authorities to the island of Reunion in the Indian Ocean. His family was also exiled along with him. During his exile, he missed his hometown and people all the time. In 1932, he submitted a petition to the French government expressing his desire to return to Morocco, but the French government refused. After Morocco gained independence in 1956, he felt heartfelt joy. In 1958, the Moroccan government awarded him the title of national hero. After independence, the Moroccan king asked him to return to his country twice, but he refused. This was because he did not agree with the implementation of a constitutional monarchy in Morocco. On June 11, 1963, Abdou Krim died in Cairo.