On this day, 125 years ago, June 29, 1900 (June 3, 1900 in the lunar calendar), the Nobel Foundation was established. On June 29, 1900, the Swedish government officially approved the establishment of the Nobel Prize Foundation. In 1895, Nobel made a will: in order to promote the development of human science and peace, he decided to donate part of his legacy¡¤32 million Swedish kronor (approximately 9.2 million US dollars) as a fund, with interest on it divided into five types of prizes: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace prizes. Nobel's suicide note was published in January 1897. Alfred Nobel was an outstanding chemist. He was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, in October 1833. He made many inventions in his life, the most important of which was safety explosives. The invention earned him the title of "King of Explosives" and made him a millionaire. He hoped that his invention could contribute to promoting the prosperity of human life, but it did not happen and explosives were widely used in war. This made him a "dealer who sold death" in people's minds. For this, he was deeply disappointed and distressed. Before his death, Nobel made a will, using part of his inheritance-US$9.2 million as a fund and his annual interest of approximately US$200,000 as a bonus to reward scientists and scholars who have made outstanding contributions to the happiness and progress of mankind. To this end, Sweden established the Nobel Foundation on June 29, 1900, and its board of directors managed and distributed bonuses. There are now six Nobel Prizes, of which three are in the natural sciences: physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology. The other three are literature, peace cause, and economics. The Nobel Prize is administered by a committee of the Swedish government, the Physics, Chemistry and Economics prizes are assessed by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Physiology or Medicine Prize is assessed by the Caroline Institute of Medical Surgery in Stockholm, the Literary Prize is assessed by the Swedish Academy of Literature, and the Peace Prize is assessed by a five-member committee elected by the Norway Parliament. The first Nobel Prize was awarded on December 10, 1901. Except for interruptions due to wartime, grand award ceremonies are held in Stockholm and Oslo on this day every year. Since the Nobel Prize was awarded, its selection process has never changed. Every year, about 2000 candidates are solemnly recommended by Nobel Prize winners in Sweden and other countries and authoritative figures in various disciplines and industries. Hundreds of them are officially recommended to the review board. After a long period of investigation and secret meetings, the final winner is decided. The awarding of the Nobel Prize focuses on major scientific achievements and must stand the test of time to prove that the work results of these scientists have indeed played a major role in the development of science and production. Adhering to this principle ensures that the award recipients are basically accurately selected and the high level of the scientific achievements that win the prize is guaranteed. In addition, the award committee also pays attention to rewarding groundbreaking basic research, basic theoretical research and creative research on tools. There are only two scientists who have won two Nobel Prizes in their lives. The first was Mrs. Curie, who won the 1903 Physics Prize for discovering the radioactivity of radium, together with her husband Pierre Curie and another French physicist, Antoin-Henri Becquerel. Later, in recognition of her achievements in discovering two new elements, polonium and radium, she was awarded the 1911 Chemistry Award. The second two-time winner was American physicist Bardin, who won the 1956 Physics Award together with two other American physicists for inventing the world's first transistor transistor. Later, he won the 1972 Physics Award together with another American scholar for making breakthroughs in the theory of superconductivity. The Nobel Prize plays a huge role in promoting scientific research and benefiting mankind.