215 years ago today, on June 8, 1810 (May 7, 1810), the German composer Schumann was born. Robert Schumann. Gardiner (June 8, 1810 - July 29, 1856) was a German composer, pianist, music critic, and famous musician. He was the most prominent figure in the history of German music in the first half of the nineteenth century. In his artistic creations, he deeply reflected the strengths and weaknesses of German Romanticism. Romantic. Schumann was born in Zwickau on June 8, 1810. His father was a well-educated bookseller, and his mother was the daughter of a surgeon. He loved music and literature from an early age, and showed his talents in music, poetry, and drama from an early age. He studied piano at the age of seven and began to try to compose at the age of twelve. His father died early, and due to family prejudice, he followed his mother's wishes to study law at Heidelberg in Leipzig when he was young in 1828. When he was able to specialize in music through tortuous struggles, he could only study music as an amateur. But he still studied music tirelessly, so that he became the leading local pianist. In 1830, he received his mother's forgiveness and began his career as a musician by studying with the famous pianist Vic. In 1838, when the reactionary authorities in Vienna discovered that he had introduced Schuppant's "Symphony in C Major" and forced him to return to Leipzig in 1839. In 1843 he taught at the Leipzig Academy of Music. He cared for and supported musicians who were not yet known, such as Chopin, Berlioz, Liszt, Brahms, Wagner, etc. During Schumann's piano studies with Wick, he spent time with his daughter Clara and developed a deep relationship. In the autumn of 1840, they broke through family resistance and united happily through court intervention. At that time he decided to become a pianist. While fighting for Clara, Schumann was also fighting for "new music". He was passionate and sensitive by nature, and had democratic ideas. In 1834, he founded the "New Music Journal", which played an important role in changing the outdated musical atmosphere of the time and promoting the development of romantic art. He composed many novel and unique piano pieces, such as "Butterfly", "Carnival", "Symphonic Etudes", "Fantasy Collection", etc., which promoted the development of Romantic music style. He founded the New Music Magazine in Leipzig to fight against the outdated, conservative and vulgar music atmosphere of the time and to correctly introduce classical music to readers. Therefore, the New Music Magazine became the mouthpiece of progressive music thought in Germany at that time. When he was able to specialize in music through tortuous struggles, he devoted himself to music composition and music criticism due to his eagerness to exercise his fingerings with mechanical devices, which injured the fingers of his right hand and forever lost the possibility of becoming a pianist. The union with his wife Clara has always been talked about and promoted his creative enthusiasm to an unprecedented level. In 1840, he wrote one hundred and thirty-eight songs, which were called "Songs". Schumann created a new type of piano genre; he made important contributions to the development of title music. Main works: the most famous are the songbooks "Myrtle", "Love of the Poet", "Love and Life of the Woman" and so on. Later, he wrote four symphonies, as well as "Piano Concerto in A minor", "Manfred Overture" Symphony No. 1 "; piano suite" Carnival "," Alliance of David "," Children's Scenarios "and" Symphonic Etudes "," Butterfly "," Paganini Theme Etudes "and other outstanding works. Due to long-term overwork, he was rescued by throwing himself into a river due to worsening mental illness in 1854, and died two years later (1856) in a mental hospital around Bonn. Between 1830 and 1840, Schumann composed a large number of piano works, the most important of which include: the piano suite "Butterfly" (1829-1831) composed of twelve pieces, the "Carnival" (1835) composed of twenty-one pieces with different titles, and the piano suite "Chrystler's Paradise" (1838). During the ten years from 1834 to 1844, he published a large number of music reviews in the "New Music Magazine" he founded, focusing on his musical aesthetics with typical romantic tendencies. In the 1940s, Schumann's creative focus shifted from piano music and art songs to large-scale genres such as symphony music, concertos, chamber music, and dramatic music. Three of his four symphonies were written during this period. During the German revolution of 1848-49, Schumann was inspired by revolutionary romance and wrote songs such as "Take Up Arms", "Songs of Freedom", and "Black and Red Gold". At the same time, he also completed another important work, writing a complete set of sixteen pieces for Byron's poem "Manfred", of which the overture was the most outstanding. But after the failure of the revolution, his emotions were greatly damaged, mental illness began to affect him, and his creative power was gradually exhausted. In 1854, he committed suicide by throwing himself into the Rhine in excruciating pain, was rescued by fishermen, and was sent to a lunatic asylum. In 1856, he died of mental illness in Endernig, around Bonn. Schumann's musical composition occupies an important place in the history of German music culture in the first half of the 19th century. His main creative achievements are in piano, art songs and symphonic music. Schumann's piano works can be roughly divided into two categories according to their formal structure: small ensembles and large-scale pieces. His piano music is mostly popular, with a blend of scenery and romantic atmosphere. Art songs are strictly selected, and usually use the most valuable and poetic poems of famous poets as lyrics. His piano accompaniment continues Schubert's tradition, which not only enriches the expressive power of the song, but also has its own aesthetic value and perfect technical form. Although his symphonies lack the highly ideological nature of Beethoven's symphonies, they have a distinct personality and color in terms of lyricism, especially in terms of landscape lyricism. In addition, in terms of music criticism and music aesthetics, Schumann believed that a valuable musical work must be a combination of noble ideological and emotional content and original art forms. He demanded that musical art be highly ideological, and opposed the pursuit of skill that only emphasizes appearance but not content, and at the same time opposed the sameness and shoddiness of art. On the other hand, he felt that in real life, his ideal could not be realized, and he had to indulge in the fantasy dream he created. This is the true portrayal of the contradictions and duplicity of some German romantic artists at that time. Schumann's masterpieces include the piano pieces "Butterfly", "Carnival", "Symphonic Etudes", "Fantasia Collection", etc., which promoted the development of the Romantic musical style. In 1840, he wrote 138 songs, known as "Song Essays", and also wrote four symphonies, as well as "Qin Opera for Piano in A minor" and "Manfred Overture".