On this day, 73 years ago, November 9, 1952 (September 22, 1952 in the lunar calendar), Weizmann, leader of the Zionist movement, passed away. On November 9, 1952, Weizman, the father of the State of Israel, was nearly 78 years old. Kreem Aisriel Weizman, the leader of the Zionist movement, the first president of Israel, and the chemist, died this morning in his apartment near Tel Aviv. Weizmann was born on November 27, 1874 into a poor peasant family in Motor, a remote mountain village in Grodno Province, Russia. Motor was one of several restricted Jewish areas in Russia at the time, located on the edge of dense forests in western Russia. My father was a wood mover. Weizmann spent much of his boyhood on the wooden raft cut by his father. Weizmann had fifteen brothers and sisters. Although his family background was poor, his father still hoped that his children would receive an orthodox school education. In 1885, after completing an orthodox and strict Jewish school education, Weizman went to study in a middle school in Pinsk. During his middle school, he showed a rigorous academic attitude and his academic performance remained among the best. In 1891, he received an admission letter from a Russian university with excellent results. However, because many universities restricted the number of Jewish admissions, in a fit of anger, he gave up the opportunity to study in Russia to study chemistry at the University of Berlin in Germany, and later transferred to the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. While studying in college, in order to make up for the lack of remittances from his family, he also taught natural science and Russian in middle school. In 1900, he obtained a doctorate in pharmacy from the University of Fribourg with outstanding results. After graduation, he served as a lecturer in chemistry at the University of Geneva from 1901 to 1903, while conducting research on organic chemistry. Because he sold out some of his invention patents, he improved his family's financial difficulties and helped his brothers and sisters complete college. In Geneva, he met Vera Cherysman, a female medical student, and six years later they married. In 1904, Weizmann settled in England and became professor of chemistry at the University of Manchester in 1907. After the outbreak of World War I, he served as director of the British Admiralty Chemical Laboratory. During this period, he made significant progress in the research of acetone, a raw material urgently needed for the production of explosives, which greatly improved his position in the British government and gained him an international reputation in the field of chemical research. As a chemist, Weizmann has achieved great success, but he still devotes more energy and time to political activities. While still in Russia, his strictly orthodox Jewish education allowed him to accept the culture and ideas of Jewish nationalism. As soon as he entered middle school, he wrote letters in Hebrew to his Jewish teacher, hoping that the Jews would one day return to Jerusalem. In 1897, he joined the Zionist organization led by Herzl, the world-famous leader of the Zionist movement, and soon became a leader of the Young Zionists. After Herzl's death in 1904, he gradually became the leader of the world Zionist movement. In 1914, at the instigation of Weizman, British Jews established the "British Palestine Council", proposing the slogan of establishing a new British dominion in Palestine and restoring the ancient glory of the Jewish nation in freedom. Under Weizmann's leadership, the Palestinian Council began formal negotiations with the British government to propose the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. Due to Britain's direct interests in the Middle East and Palestine and Weizmann's influence in the British government, the British government announced the "Balfour Declaration" on November 2, 1917. Weizmann was a passionate advocate of the Zionist movement, but showed maturity and stability in his actions. In 1923, in a speech in the United States, he emphasized that although the British government agreed in the Balfour Declaration that the Jews should establish a national home in Palestine, and although the Jewish nation had achieved some success around the world, the Jewish nation in Palestine has always been an island in the Arab sea. Therefore, it is urgent to reach an understanding with the Arab world. In 1925, at the 14th World Zionist Conference, he also said that from the standpoint of a sense of world justice, Arabs have rights to their homeland in Palestine just as Jews have rights to their national home. In 1928, Weizmann decided to expand the World Zionist Organization into the Palestinian Jewish Association, which received substantial financial support from American Jews (both Zionists and non-Zionists). In terms of organizational form, the association has not changed much from its previous organizational form, except that three non-Zionist members have been added to its executive committee. However, this reorganization has had huge practical results. In the early 1930s, after the economic crisis in the United States, the Association received a large amount of huge funds, which greatly accelerated the progress of the Zionist movement. After the end of World War II, the United States replaced Britain as the main force in controlling the destiny of Jews and Palestine. In early 1948, although Weizmann no longer held any office, the leaders of the Zionist Organization asked him to serve as the chief representative for talks with the U.S. president. Weizmann ignored political differences with these leaders and led a Jewish delegation to Washington to hold a meeting with the U.S. government. During the talks, Weizman, with the demeanor of an outstanding diplomat and politician, reached a full understanding with Truman. For the sake of U.S. oil and strategic interests in the Middle East, the U.S. government agreed to Weizmann's proposal to establish a Jewish state in Palestine and gave Jews a loan of 100 million U.S. dollars. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was formally established, and Weizman served as Speaker of the Provisional National Assembly. On February 17, 1949, he was elected the first president of the state of Israel. Weizmann's main works include: autobiography "Tempering and Mistakes","Practice" and many chemical papers. On November 9, 1952, Weizmann died after a long illness and was buried in his own estate in Rehowart. A quarter of a million Jews attended his funeral.