Sixty-seven years ago today, on October 31, 1958 (September 19, 1958), Pasternak, the author of Doctor Zhivago, refused to accept the Nobel Prize. On October 31, 1958, the Soviet writer Boris Basternak was forced to reject the Nobel Prize in Literature. Although he wrote to the Swedish Academy that he "voluntarily refused", Westerners believe that the Soviet government forced him to do so. His novel Doctor Zhivago, set during the Russian Revolution, criticized Soviet ideology. Pasternak was born in Moscow on February 10, 1890. His father, Leonid Osipovich, was a professor at the Moscow Academy of Fine Arts, Sculpture and Architecture, a famous painter, and had illustrated Tolstoy's works. His mother was a famous pianist and a student of Rubinstein. The Austrian poet Rilke, who was close to his parents, inspired his love of poetry and was his lifelong favorite poet. During his childhood, Pasternak was influenced by his neighbor, the famous Russian composer Skriabin, and decided to become a musician. He studied music theory and composition under the guidance of professors at the Conservatory of Music. In 1909, he entered the Law Department of Moscow University, and later transferred to the Department of Historical Philosophy. In the summer of 1912, he went to the University of Marburg in Germany to study German philosophy and study neo-Kantian theory under the guidance of Professor Cohen. During the First World War, he returned home from military service due to health reasons and worked as a clerk in a factory in the Urals. After the October Revolution, Pasternak returned to Moscow from the Urals as a library clerk at the Ministry of Education. In 1913, he began to associate with futurist poets, publishing poems in their magazine Lyric Poetry, and met Boblov and Mayakovsky. His later writing was also influenced by futurism. In 1914, Pasternak's first collection of poems, "Gemini in the Clouds", was published. In 1916, he published his second collection, "Above the Barricade", and entered the poetry world. During the 10 years from 1922 to 1932, a series of poetry collections, novels and prose poems were published. In 1934, at the first Soviet Congress of Writers, Bukharin Tree Pasternak served as a model for the poet, replacing Mayakovsky and Bedne with him. But Pasternak was not a trend-setting writer of the times, unable to adapt to the needs of the times, and was replaced by the late Mayakovsky a year later. In 1958, he was severely condemned for his novel "Doctor Zhivago" and lived an isolated life. On May 20, 1960, he died in his apartment in Perederkino, outside Moscow. Love that Changed Fate Pasternak was born in a family with a strong artistic atmosphere. He was influenced by the family from an early age. He had a deep knowledge of European literature and art, and was proficient in English, German and French. He was a loner and a widower. In the family, Pasternak was also lonely. Although his second wife, Naehaus, left her ex-husband and dedicated her body and mind to him without hesitation, the difference in cultural accomplishment prevented her from resonating with him spiritually. In 1946, Pasternak met Ivenskaya. Pasternak has always been Ivenskaya's beloved poet and idol, and she was thrilled to see him with her own eyes. Pasternak was also shocked by Ivenskaya's otherworldly beauty. The acquaintance and love of the two changed their fate, causing Ivenskaya to endure hardships and sending Pasternak to the grave prematurely. Evenskaya was 34 at the time, and Pasternak was 56, but the difference in age did not prevent them from falling in love. On October 9, 1949, the police arrested Evenskaya on charges that she had collaborated with Osipov, the deputy editor of the "Spark Illustrated", to forge engagement letters. The interrogators interrogated her continuously, keeping dazzling lights in her eyes all night, preventing her from sleeping, and tortured her for three days and three nights, forcing her to confess to the anti-Soviet words and deeds of the "Jew". Pasternak was Jewish, and the interrogators called him "Jew". Later, the interrogators found out that she was pregnant, stopped interrogating her, and sent her to the Podema labor camp. She and Pasternak had a miscarriage while plowing the ground with iron picks with other female labor prisoners. This was her and Pasternak's child. Ivenskaya spent five years in the labor camp before being released in 1953. During her time in the labor camp, Pasternak could not contact her, and every time he remembered their scenes together, he would struggle to live, and wrote many poems that missed her and praised her. After Ivenskaya's release, the relationship between the two became closer. Ivenskaya was not only Pasternak's gentle lover, but also a strong supporter of his cause. The image of Lala can be said to have been created by them together, and Ivenskaya's personal experience enriched the image of Lala. It is also rare in the history of literature that the image prototype participates in shaping the image. From then on, all Pasternak's publishing was handled by Evanskaya. This was beyond the competence of Pasternak's wife, Naehaus. Pasternak treated these two women the same way that Doctor Zhivago treated his wife Tonya and her lover Lala. He was deeply guilty of his wife and could not make up his mind to divorce her, so he could not formally marry Evanskaya. In 1957, the Italian publisher Feltrinelli read the manuscript of "Doctor Zhivago" through Ivenskaya, admired it, took the manuscript back to Italy, and published an Italian translation of "Doctor Zhivago" at the end of the year. Then English, German, French and other languages appeared in Europe, and "Doctor Zhivago" became the best-selling book in the West in 1958. Pasternak became the target of public criticism at home. Only Ivenskaya was loyal to Pasternak, predicting that the novel would be accepted by the Soviet people sooner or later, and stood up and took all the responsibility on himself. On October 23, 1958, the Swedish Academy announced that it would award Pasternak the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature, forcing him to publicly declare his rejection of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Pasternak refused to make a statement. Pressure on Pasternak grew, but he never gave in. In his letter to the President of the Writers' Association, he wrote: "No force can make me refuse to be honored by others - a contemporary writer living in Russia, a Soviet writer. You can shoot me and exile me... In a few years you will have to rehabilitate me." On the 31st, Pasternak immediately went to the post office to send a telegram to the Swedish Academy, declining the Nobel Prize. At the same time, he asked to reinstate Ivenskaya's job. Pasternak did not fear death or exile in order to defend his honor, but honor was eclipsed in the face of love. In order to save Ivenskaya from persecution, Pasternak was at all costs. Life and death, a series of violent blows made Pasternak physically and mentally exhausted, and he lived alone in the writers' village. From time to time, he suffered heart attacks, and it was difficult to go out. Naihaus did not allow Ivenskaya to enter their house, and the two of them rarely saw each other, or even exchanged news. On May 30, 1960, Pasternak died suddenly. Niehaus did not allow Ivenskaya to say goodbye to him. Ivenskaya stood in front of the door all night, and finally could only look at Xu Xu's moving coffin from behind the crowd. At this time, she was all burned and fainted to the ground. After Pasternak's death, Ivenskaya was arrested at the same time as her 20-year-old daughter Irina, on charges of passing manuscripts abroad and receiving huge payments. Ivenskaya never sent any manuscripts abroad, except for the manuscripts of Doctor Zhivago that she saw for Italian publishers in Moscow, and she did not receive a kopeck for the manuscript. But she was still sentenced to four years in prison, and Irina was sentenced to two years in prison.