Bakunin, a well-known representative of anarchist thought, was born on May 30, 1814, in a bureaucratic aristocratic family in Tver Province, Russia.

In his youth, Bakunin, like other intellectuals from aristocratic families in Russia at the time, studied the philosophy of Hegel, Kant and others as a fashion, and studied Hegel's works. In 1840, he went to Europe to study at the University of Berlin. From 1842 to 1848, Bakunin traveled to Germany, France, Switzerland, and Belgium. In 1847, Bakunin won a certain reputation when he gave a speech in Paris to commemorate the 17th anniversary of the Polish people's 1830 uprising against the tsarist government. He participated in the armed uprising of the people of Dresden in May 1849. After the uprising failed, he was arrested and extradited to Russia by the tsarist government. In prison, Bakunin wrote a tens of thousands of words of "Confession" to the Queen of Sands, complimenting the Tsar as a "loving father" and admitting that he was "a heinous criminal!" expressing his "pleading for favor" to the Tsar. Due to his groveling, his sentence was continuously reduced. During his exile in Siberia, the governor was his uncle, and he was entrusted to patrol famous places and took the opportunity to escape from Siberia.

Bakunin passed through Japan and the United States and returned to Europe in 1861. He dressed himself as a "hero" who had returned from prison and boasted of being an "old revolutionary". In 1846, he met with Marx in London, asked to join the First International, and assured Marx that he would "work hard for the International Workers 'Association." From the 1860s to the 1870s, he published a series of books aimed at promoting anarchism, including the book "State System and Anarchy", which embodies the epitome of anarchist views. During this period, he played various plots in an attempt to split the First International and usurp international leadership. These tricks of his have been repeatedly exposed by Marxists. At the 1872 International Congress of the Sea and the Sea, he instigated his followers to engage in separatist activities and was expelled from the First International.

On July 1, 1876, he died of Bakunin disease in Switzerland.