On this day 36 years ago, on December 14, 1989 (November 17, 1989 in the lunar calendar), Sakharov, the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, passed away. On December 14, 1989, Sakharov, the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, passed away. Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was born on May 21, 1921 in a family of physics teachers in Moscow. From 1945 to 1947, he entered the Beretev Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and engaged in cosmic ray research under the guidance of the famous Soviet physicist and Nobel Prize winner Tam. From 1948 to 1957, he dedicated himself to the research of thermonuclear weapons for the development of the first hydrogen bomb in the Soviet Union. In 1953, 1956 and 1962, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor three times and was known as the "Father of the Hydrogen Bomb" of the Soviet Union. From 1957, he began to look beyond the narrow nuclear physics laboratory, concerned with the survival and political problems of society as a whole and of humanity, and especially the social consequences of his work. In 1958, Sakharov first proposed to the Soviet government to cancel the plan of atmospheric nuclear tests that year, in order to prevent the widespread consequences of the radioactive fallout after the test. In 1961, he publicly opposed Khrushchev's plan to test 1 million-ton hydrogen bombs in the air. In 1962, he wrote to Khrushchev again, proposing to stop atmospheric nuclear tests, but was still unsuccessful. From then on, he became more enthusiastic about social activities, gradually transforming from a scientist dedicated to nuclear physics research, to a "humanitarian" who opposed further nuclear testing, and finally became a dissident with a different set of views on the Soviet system and internal and external policies. In June 1968, he published his famous appeal, "Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom," calling on all nuclear powers to reduce their nuclear weapons and calling on the United States and the Soviet Union to stop the arms race. This book was published in Europe and the United States and was widely distributed as his first manifesto. In November 1970, together with two other Soviet physicists, Ann Tverdokhlebov and Va Chalidze, he co-organized the Commission on Human Rights, becoming a leader of the human rights movement in the former Soviet Union and a world-renowned dissident. They issued a manifesto stating that the purpose of this Commission was to strive for the protection of all human rights contained in the United Nations "Idioms on Human Rights" to the extent permitted by Soviet law. The above actions and remarks caused Sakharov to increasingly part ways with the Soviet government. On February 14, 1973, the Soviet "Literary Journal" publicly named and criticized Sakharov for the first time. Since then, the official has organized many sieges, but he has never given up his views and insisted on confronting the Soviet authorities. To this end, in 1980 the Soviet KGB exiled him to the city of Gorky, stripping him of all awards and honors, but still retained the title of academician of the Academy of Sciences, and his family was also implicated. It was not until December 16, 1986 that Gorbachev personally called the Sakharovs and allowed them to return from the city of Gorky to live in Moscow. In March 1989, Sakharov was elected as a member of the Soviet People's Congress. In 1975, on the recommendation of Nobel Prize winner Solzhenitsyn and others, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his "struggle for the defense of human rights, disarmament and cooperation among all nations, the ultimate purpose of which is peace". On December 14, 1989, Sakharov died of a heart attack. Comments: Scientists with independent personality and lofty ideological realm