171 years ago today, on July 5, 1854 (June 11, 1854 lunar calendar), the "Shanghai British, French and American Land Rental Charter" was announced. On July 5, 1854, the British, American and French consuls in Shanghai, taking advantage of the Shanghai Knife uprising and the chaos of local politics in the Qing government, amended the "Shanghai Land Rental Charter" of 1845 without authorization. After being passed by the "Tenants' Association" of the concession, the "Shanghai British, French and American Land Rental Charter" was promulgated on July 5. Afterwards, it was transferred to the Shanghai Daotai for ratification. There are 14 articles in this new charter, among which it is agreed to set up patrols in the concession, collect taxes, establish the Ministry of Industry Bureau, exercise taxation and judicial power over Chinese residents, and implement colonial rule. This charter seriously violated China's sovereignty from the procedure of amendment to the specific content. From then on, the Chinese government no longer has the right to interfere in the administrative and judicial affairs in the concession. The concession gradually became "a state within a state".