64 years ago today, July 2, 1961 (May 20, 1961 in the lunar calendar), American novelist Hemingway passed away. Hemingway, a robust individualist On July 2, 1961, writer Ernest Hemingway was found dead at his home in Ketchum, Idaho. He took a shotgun bullet in the head. Some of his friends said he was depressed; others thought he was in a good mood. His wife issued a statement saying that Hemingway was cleaning the gun and killed herself by accidental fire. On July 21, 1899, Hemingway was born at a doctor's home in Oak Park, outside Chicago, Illinois, USA. After the outbreak of the First World War, he joined the army and went to the European battlefield. Unfortunately, he was seriously injured on the Italian front line. Doctors performed more than 20 operations on him to remove the shrapnel from his body. Although the war caused great trauma to Hemingway mentally and physically, it also provided him with material for his later literary creation. From 1926 to 1929, he completed two more novels: "The Sun Also Rises" and "A Farewell to Arms"(translation of "Battlefield Spring Dream"). These two novels reflect the despair of European and American youth and intellectuals for the bourgeoisie and its social system after the First World War. The work is smooth in writing and profound in meaning, which immediately resonated with many people, especially young people. "The Sun Has Rises" is called the manifesto of the "Lost Generation". The book describes a group of young people who participated in the Great War wandering in Paris. Their original ideals, ambitions, morality, and sentiments were destroyed by the hateful war. Each of them had a bleak future, depressed spirit, and had no purpose in life. They spent all day drinking, fishing, watching bullfights, engaging in love triangles, and quarreling with each other. The work reproduces the spiritual emptiness and anti-war psychology of young people under the capitalist system. The theme of "A Farewell to Arms" is the war against imperialism. The novel condemns the imperialist war through the tragic life of the protagonist Henry and his wife Kechinne, and exposes the hypocritical role played by the U.S. government in the war. Henry, a young American, served as a captain in the Italian ambulance team. He fell in love with the British female nurse Catherine and shared the yearning for a happy life after the war. Unfortunately, Henry was seriously injured in the battle. After recovering from his injuries, he was arrested by the Italian army for mistaking him as a German spy on his way back to the front line. Later, he escaped, found Catherine, and went to Switzerland together. After marriage, Catherine died in childbirth, and Henry fell into great depression and was finally abandoned in the world alone. Life, he went hunting in Africa, fishing in Cuba, and watching bullfights in Spain. In order to make his work vivid and realistic, he once personally went to the bullring to fight with the ox and almost died under the horns of the horns. Most of his works during this period centered on fishermen, bullfighters, boxers, and hunters, creating a group of tough men who were not afraid of death. Such works have become spiritual food for people who have been dejected by the economic crisis in Europe and the United States in the 1930s. In the mid-1930s, civil war broke out in Spain. Hemingway participated in the battle against Franco, sided with the Spanish people's anti-fascist struggle, and participated in the production of the anti-fascist film "Spanish Land". Later, based on the Spanish Civil War, he created one of the representative works of European and American bourgeois literature reflecting the Spanish Civil War-"For Who Does the Bell Tolls"(translated into "Battlefield Bell"). This novel draws a clear line between just and unjust wars, and has a firm anti-fascist stance, marking Hemingway's ideological progress. After the outbreak of World War II, Hemingway visited the European and Asian battlefields as a war correspondent. During an interview in Europe, he was injured in a bomber air strike against German troops. After recovering from his injuries, he joined the guerrillas against fascism and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery and tenacity in combat. During interviews in Asia, he once pointed out: China is an important force in the fight against fascism, and the United States should strengthen its assistance to China. After the war, Hemingway settled in Cuba and began new creation. In 1952, he wrote the famous novella "The Old Man and the Sea". The novel describes an old Cuban fisherman who went fishing and found nothing for 84 consecutive days. The old fishermen were not discouraged and persisted in fishing. Finally, they caught a big fish, but they encountered swarms of sharks on the way back. The old man fought heroically with the shark and showed extraordinary perseverance in fighting. "The Old Man and the Sea" is not only extraordinary in content, but also unique in writing skills. The novel could have been written for a long time, but Hemingway resembled both a craftsman holding an axe and a sculptor holding a sharp knife. He cut off the tedious and lengthy plots and carefully considered the beauty, which became the main masterpiece of "Hemingway Style". In 1953,"The Old Man and the Sea" won the Pulitzer Prize. The following year, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature. After the revolution broke out in Cuba, Hemingway moved to Idaho in the United States. Because he was injured many times in the two world wars, he suffered from serious sequelae such as concussion and visual overlap. In his old age, he suffered from high blood pressure, diabetes and neurological diseases. His burly body shrank, and his desire to continue writing was lost. He stood in front of the table every day and couldn't write a word. He was extremely distressed. He finally had to abandon his spiritual support: "When a person lives, he should be an indomitable and invincible strong man." On July 2, 1961, Hemingway died under his beloved shotgun. There are many speculations about this. Most people think it was suicide, while others say it was a shotgun fire. Hemingway and Castro (right) Hemingway Memorial Exterior Scenery The shotgun used by Hemingway and his wife took a group photo at the "Lookout Grange"