247 years ago today, on July 2, 1778 (June 9, 1778 in the lunar calendar), Rousseau, a representative of the French Enlightenment trend of thought, died. Rousseau (Jean-JacquesRousseau, Jean Jacob Rousseau) (1712.6.28 - 1778.7.2) was a famous French Enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator, and writer. He was a pioneer of the French Revolution in the 18th century and one of the most outstanding representatives of the Enlightenment. He was one of the contributors to the Encyclopedia. His main works include "On the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality", "Social Contract Theory", "Emile", "New Love Lois", "Confessions" and so on. He believed that all rights belonged to the people, that the government and officials were appointed by the people, and that the people had the right to appoint them and replace them until the rulers who enslaved and oppressed the people were eliminated. This is the idea of popular sovereignty. Philosophically, Rousseau advocated that feeling is the source of knowledge, adhered to the "Deism" view; emphasized that human nature is inherently good, and belief is higher than reason. In the social view, Rousseau adhered to the theory of social contract and advocated the establishment of a "rational kingdom" of the bourgeoisie; advocated freedom and equality, opposed to big private property and its oppression; put forward the "theory of natural rights", opposed to despotism and tyranny. In education, he advocated that the purpose of education should be to train natural persons; he opposed feudal education to harm and despise children, and demanded to improve the status of children in education; he advocated reforming the content and methods of education to conform to the nature of children and allow them to develop freely physically and mentally, reflecting the demands of the bourgeoisie and the broad masses of working people to be liberated from feudal despotism. But Rousseau abandoned his own children because he felt that he could not raise his own children by his own economic situation, and sending them to nursery schools for the state to raise them was the best arrangement for children. This point was also repeatedly ridiculed and ridiculed by Hugo in "Les Miserables". And his own "Confessions" also mentioned this with great guilt.