A religious agreement concluded in Worms in 1122 by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V (1106 - 1125) and Pope Callixtus II (1119 - 1124) to resolve the dispute over the right to nominate bishops.

Since the founding of the Saxon Dynasty, the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Germany had the power of appointing bishops in the country. After Gregory VII was elected Pope, he believed that the power of the Church was granted by God and that the Pope not only had the full power to appoint and remove bishops, but also could depose the monarch. In 1075, the Holy See issued a plan to reform the church, abolishing the power of bishop appointment of secular kings. In 1076, German Emperor Henry IV (reigned from 1056 to 1106) convened a religious conference in Worms attended by German bishops and some senior secular aristocrats, and issued a denunciation announcing the abolition of Gregory VII. Henry IV sent a letter to the Holy See asking Gregory VII to abdicate. The Pope retaliated. A month later, he convened a religious council in Rutland and announced the law of breaking the door, excommunicated Henry IV, abolished his throne, and lifted his subjects 'oath of loyalty to the emperor. Inspired by the Pope, some great feudal lords denied the emperor's power and waited for opportunities to plot rebellion, causing political and religious chaos in Germany. Forced by domestic circumstances, Henry IV went to Canossa Castle in Italy in January 1077 to ask the Pope for forgiveness. After receiving pardon and restoring his religion, Henry IV led his army to occupy Rome in 1084, expelled Gregory VII by force, established a puppet pope, and crowned himself emperor. Since then, the struggle between the German emperor and the Pope continued.

On September 23, 1122, under the auspices of the papal legate, the two sides concluded the Worms Religious Agreement. The agreement stipulates: Bishops and abbors in Germany are no longer appointed by the emperor, but are elected by an electoral council composed of clergy. In Germany, bishops must be elected with the presence of the emperor or his representatives. If there is a disagreement during the election, the emperor has the right to rule; when the German professorship is appointed, the emperor first grants secular powers symbolized by the symbol of power; then the Pope grants religious powers symbolized by the rings and the cane; In places such as Italy and Burgundy, the ceremony to confer secular powers on bishops should be held six months after the religious powers are granted. The power of appointing bishops is vested in the Pope and cannot be interfered by the emperor. The dispute between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor over the right to nominate bishops has thus been temporarily suspended.

Comments: Caesar's to Caesar, God's to God. A good start.