On this day, 161 years ago, June 1, 1864 (April 27, 1864 in the lunar calendar), Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Rebellion, died of illness. He claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus, and the Virgin Mary was his mother. He was a descendant of a national hero who was anti-Jin patriotic in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was extremely promiscuous and had 88 wives, so he invented the numbering method for this. His toilet chamber pots are all made of gold. He likes philosophical speculation, and his best subject is to demonstrate the color of God's beard. Mao Zedong commented that he "represented a group of people who looked for truth from the West before the birth of the Communist Party of China." He was the Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan. In March 1864, after Tianjing was besieged, the city ran out of food. Hong Xiuquan took the lead in eating "sweet dew"(grass balls) to satisfy his hunger. Brutal struggle and hunger made Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the Taiping Rebellion, sick. On June 1, 1864, Hong Xiuquan died of illness in Nanjing. Hong Xiuquan was born on January 11, 1814, in Huaxian County, Guangdong. The main achievements of his life were as follows: 1. In 1843, he founded the "God Worship Society", which played an important propaganda and organizational role in mobilizing the masses in the struggle to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty; later he wrote books such as "The Original Dao Salvation Advent","The Original Dao Awakening the World Advent", and "The Original Dao Awakening the World Advent", which prepared ideological and public opinion for the Taiping Rebellion. After several years of hard work, Hong Xiuquan, with the help of the outstanding peasant leader Feng Yunshan, the God Praying Association developed rapidly, laying the foundation for the Jintian Uprising. 2. From the Jintian Uprising on January 11, 1851 to the eve of the fall of Tianjing in 1864, Hong Xiuquan led the entire process of this peasant war. It lasted for 14 years, and his power expanded to 18 provinces, capturing more than 600 cities, dealing a heavy blow to the reactionary forces at home and abroad. 3. Establish the leadership core twice. In the early stage, the establishment and enfeoffment of kings in Yong 'an enabled the Taiping Rebellion to take shape, strengthened its leadership, improved the combat effectiveness of the Taiping Army, and laid the foundation for the rapid development of the Taiping Rebellion; In the later period, in the situation of "no one in the country and no general in the court", Hong Xiuquan selected young generals such as Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng to preside over the military, and appointed Hong Renzhen to take charge of the government affairs of the Heavenly Dynasty, forming a new leadership team, enabling the Taiping Rebellion to continue to fight. 4. Promulgate the revolutionary program. In the early stage, in the winter of 1853, the "Tianchao Farmland System" was promulgated, proposing changes to the land system and other measures to reform society. Its content expresses the farmers 'anti-feudal demands and their strong desire to solve land issues. The completeness and profundity of the program content enabled the Taiping Rebellion Revolution to reach the highest ideological realm that could be achieved by the peasant revolutions of past generations in China. In 1859, the book "New Chapter of Political Affairs" written by Hong Renzhen to imitate Western capitalist countries was promulgated. This was an important political platform of the Taiping Rebellion in the later period, which showed that his attitude towards capitalism was more open-minded and broad-minded than that of the landlord ruling class of his contemporaries. The reason why the Taiping Rebellion Movement became the peak of the Peasant War in China for thousands of years was inseparable from his huge contribution. Even Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of China's democratic revolution, was willing to be Hong Xiuquan's second place, which shows its far-reaching influence on future generations. The Taiping Rebellion failed under the joint strangulation of Chinese and foreign reactionary forces. However, as the top leader of the Taiping Rebellion Movement, Hong Xiuquan's serious mistakes cannot be ignored. Hong Xiuquan's mistakes mainly lie in the following: First, after establishing the capital in Tianjing, feudal consciousness increased day by day, and the concept of hierarchy and hedonistic thoughts were particularly prominent. Hong Xiuquan lived in seclusion in Tianwang Mansion and was seriously divorced from the soldiers and the masses. In the process of transforming the revolutionary regime of the Taiping Rebellion into a new feudal regime, Hong Xiuquan played a particularly bad leading role. The qualitative change in ideology and style makes it more like a feudal emperor as it goes on. The internal strife in Tianjing is the inevitable result of the development of feudal thoughts within the leadership group. 2. In the later period of the Taiping Rebellion, in order to prevent the loss of power, Hong Xiuquan reversed the previous employment line and "hired people only", forming a Hong group that excluded different surnames, making politics increasingly corrupt in the later period and bringing a fatal crisis to the Taiping Rebellion. Shi Dakai was the best commander of the Taiping Army, and his troops were elite Taiping Army soldiers. He has both moral integrity and political integrity and is deeply supported by all the military and civilians. After the infighting in Tianjing, he is the only candidate who can unite the masses and assist Hong Xiuquan in revitalizing the country. However, Hong Xiuquan suspected him and used the two kings of An and Fu to coerce and exclude him. Therefore, Shi Dakai left, causing the Taiping Rebellion to split. Later, Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng broke the Jiangbei and Jiangnan camps. As soon as the siege of Beijing was lifted, Hong Xiuquan immediately granted the title of king. Regardless of talent, merit or merit, relatives, fellow villagers in Guangdong, or those who donated money and grain could be granted the title of king. The number of kings has actually reached more than 2700. This resulted in chaos in the later Heavenly Kingdom, corruption in official governance, and weakening of the military. 3. In his later years, Hong Xiuquan not only had narrow and conservative thoughts, but also fell into the sad quagmire of religious superstition. Regarding the Taiping Rebellion, Hong Xiuquan's achievements outweighed his mistakes in his life, but his achievements could not be concealed. The great peasant revolution led by Hong Xiuquan should be a towering monument in the modern history of China: it allows future generations to commemorate and pay homage, and also allows future generations to think deeply. Hong Xiuquan Memorial Hall The precious Taiping Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan and his entourage were in Nanjing City, a copperplate painting published in the French Pictorial "Le Monde Illustr" in 1864. Hong Xiuquan's Imperial Palace