On October 31, 2015 (September 19, 2015 in the lunar calendar), a Russian passenger plane crashed in Egypt. According to Russian media local time on October 31, 2015, a Russian passenger plane carrying more than 200 people crashed on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. According to multiple foreign media sources, the extremist organization "Islamic State"(IS) claimed responsibility for the passenger plane crash. On the 31st local time, a Kogalymavia passenger plane flying from Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, to St. Petersburg, Russia, crashed on the Sinai Peninsula. The passenger plane model is Airbus A321 with flight number 9268. According to previous reports, the plane was carrying 217 passengers and 7 crew members, all Russian. However, according to the latest Egyptian official news, there were 214 Russian citizens and 3 Ukraine citizens on board. No one survived the crashed passenger plane. Egyptian Prime Minister Sharif Ismail said at a press conference held on the evening of the 31st that the black box of the Russian crashed passenger plane had been found and the bodies of 129 victims had been found. The extremist organization "Islamic State"(IS) at the crash site claimed responsibility for the passenger plane crash. The BBC quoted experts as pointing out that although there are indeed shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles in the IS-controlled Sinai province of Egypt, the Russian passenger plane The flying altitude is 31000 feet, about 9450 meters, which is beyond the range of any shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile. Reuters quoted sources as saying that preliminary investigations showed that the passenger plane crashed due to technical problems. Russian Satellite Network said that an inspection of the aircraft showed that the crash was caused by a technical failure. CCTV previously reported that the crash site was a war zone and was controlled by IS, and Egypt banned media access. Egypt and Russia are investigating the cause of the passenger plane crash. An Egyptian security official said that excluding the factor of "terrorist attack", the crash was "caused by a technical failure." According to a report by CNN on the 4th, U.S. intelligence analysis showed that the crash of a Russian passenger plane on the Sinai Peninsula was most likely caused by the extremist organization "Islamic State" placing a bomb on the plane. Technical failure reported before loss On October 31, local time, a Kogalymavia passenger plane flying from Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, to St. Petersburg, Russia, crashed on the Sinai Peninsula. The passenger aircraft model is Airbus A321 and flight number is 7K9268. There were more than 200 passengers and 7 crew members on board, 17 of whom were children. There were no China passengers on the crashed Russian passenger plane. Egypt's civil aviation authority said the passenger plane disappeared from radar 23 minutes after taking off, at an altitude of about 9400 meters. The wreckage of the passenger plane was subsequently found in a sparsely populated mountainous area in the Hassana area of the Sinai Peninsula. Some Egyptian officials said the crash site was about 100 kilometers south of the town of Ashri in North Sinai Province. Egyptian security services said the plane crashed in mountainous areas and there was no evidence that the plane was shot down. According to Russian media reports, Egypt's Sharm el-Sheikh Airport said yesterday that the captain of the crashed Russian passenger plane had contacted the ground shortly after the plane took off, notified the plane that there was a technical problem, and requested a change of route to land in Cairo. "Military aircraft found the wreckage of the crashed plane in a mountainous area, and 45 ambulances have been dispatched there," the Egyptian government said in a statement. Egypt said that at present, the black box of the Russian crashed passenger plane has been found and the bodies of 129 victims have been found. An Egyptian security official at the crash site told reporters via phone that most of the passengers may have been killed. "I see this tragic scene now. Many bodies were scattered on the ground, and some were strapped to seats with seat belts but had passed away. The official, who declined to be named, said: "The crashed plane broke into two sections, and the tail part was smaller and showed signs of burning. The larger part hit the rock. We have recovered at least 100 bodies, and the remains of the rest are still in the aircraft." Exhumation of the remains has begun. According to Egyptian and Russian authorities, no one survived on board. Russia has begun collecting DNA samples from relatives of the victims. Russia mourned today the Russian Travel Agents Association said that the Russian Kogarem Airlines passenger plane that crashed on October 31 was carried by captain Valery Nemov and co-pilot Sergei Trukhachyov. The report also said that each person on board the crashed passenger plane will receive compensation of approximately 2 million rubles from the insurance company. Russian President Vladimir Putin announced November 1 as a national day of mourning to mourn the crew of the crashed Russian passenger plane. Question 1: Why did the plane "crash at 9000 meters"? Falling 1524 meters 21 seconds before the loss; Or the time between the aircraft and the cruising altitude is reduced after loss of pressure. Due to the relatively high accident rate, this period is called the "high-risk time". However, many experts such as Wang Yanan, editor-in-chief of Aviation Knowledge magazine, Wang Guangqiu, deputy director of the Beijing Research Center of Comac China, believe that the plane involved in the accident had reached 9000 meters when it lost contact, which was close to the cruising altitude of 10,000 meters, and was not considered a "high-risk time." Wang Guangqiu said,"In theory, the higher the altitude, the safer it is, because the more time left for the pilot to operate and process. According to foreign media reports, the plane fell 1524 meters in 21 seconds. Due to the "vertical landing" before the crash, large pieces of debris were burned. Wang Yanan believes that this speed is obviously a rapid falling speed. He analyzed that this descent speed was most likely caused by the pilot performing some operation. "For example, a pilot may operate the aircraft to descend quickly after discovering a loss of cabin pressure, because passengers can survive at a low altitude." He said that media reported that the plane had contacted the ground after taking off and said that there was a problem and needed to land in Egypt, but the pilot did not explain the specific problem. "This is a pity. It is still impossible to judge what caused such a rapid decline." According to foreign media reports, in the past week, the crew of the crashed passenger plane has repeatedly reported problems starting the passenger plane's engine. Wang Yanan said that if both engines fail, the plane can still glide in the air. If you glide down from cruising altitude, you will have about 15 minutes to make operational adjustments. Wang Guangqiu judged that the aircraft was in an unstable "stall" state at the time of the incident and the aircraft was out of control. Wang Yanan said that according to media reports, judging from the distribution of debris, the plane had a forced impact, which means that the entire plane fell to the ground and there was no explosion or disintegration in the air. The reasons remain to be investigated. Question 2: Can terrorist attacks be ruled out? Russian Transport Minister Maxim Sokolov told the media that the passenger plane was flying above the range of the shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile in response to the IS organization's statement,"The statement is incorrect." Egyptian army spokesman Mohammed Samiya also refuted to the media, saying that "they can make whatever statements they want." But so far, there is no evidence that terrorists caused the air crash. The Sinai Peninsula, where the crash occurred, is located on Egypt's border with the Palestinian Gaza Strip and Israel. In recent months, the Egyptian military has launched military operations in this strip to combat a group that supports the extremist organization "Islamic State." Li Shaoxian, an expert on Middle East issues, said that extremist organizations in the Sinai Peninsula had received funding from IS organizations, but the extremist organizations had long been entrenched in the northern Sinai Peninsula rather than in the crash area. According to foreign media reports, IS-controlled Egypt's Sinai Province has shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles. Wang Yanan said that the plane was at an altitude of 9000 meters when it lost contact, exceeding the range of any shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile. Shooting down the plane required medium-and long-range high-firing missiles such as the beech that shot down MH17. However, at present, IS does not have the capability of large-scale air defense weapons. He said the most likely way to attack a terrorist attack would be to carry explosives on the plane. If the aircraft is crashed due to explosives, the first explosion point of the explosives will leave unique traces on the aircraft. In addition to breaches and shapes, residues can also be detected through chemical testing. Moreover, judging from the current wreckage, the explosion was not very powerful, only a small breach was left. Al Jazeera reported that the weather at the crash site was good and the possibility of the passenger plane crashing due to weather conditions should be ruled out. In addition, the passenger plane deviates from its route during flight may be due to the passenger plane's own technical conditions, crew operations or other reasons. Question 3: What is the safety record of the aircraft involved? There was an organic tail collision; the company involved was suspected of violating safety regulations. The Beijing News reporter learned from the Aviation Safety Network that the crashed A321 began its first test flight on May 9, 1997. When the plane landed at Cairo Airport in the capital of Egypt in 2001, a tail collision occurred. Yesterday, Javier Tetelman, a former French pilot and French aircraft safety expert, publicly stated that the tail impact may have been a cause of the aircraft's mechanical failure. He said that a China B-747 aircraft had a plane crash 22 years later due to a tail impact. An inquiry by a Beijing News reporter found that the air crash mentioned by Tetelman was caused by China Airlines Flight 611 in 2002. The cause of the accident was that in 1980, the tail fin of the aircraft hit the ground during a landing. Since then, the aircraft has not been completely repaired, resulting in metal fatigue and structural damage to the aircraft. The above-mentioned aircraft involved is owned by Russia's Kogarem Airlines. The company was established in 1993 and is headquartered in the oil-producing town of Kogarem in Russia. It is mainly engaged in scheduled and charter air transportation. According to relevant websites, the company had an air crash in 2011, killing 3 people and injuring more than 50 others. The Russian transportation department said that during the last regular inspection of the airline involved, it was found to have violated safety regulations, and the Russian authorities have launched a criminal investigation into it for "violations of airworthiness and preparation regulations." The aircraft involved in this accident is 18 years old. In response to this, Wang Guangqiu said that this is normal use time. As long as the aircraft is maintained strictly in accordance with the requirements, there will be no problem with it. According to CCTV reports, the company involved does not have fixed flights and will take off as soon as there are enough people. Small companies use old aircraft for charter services, which is a current situation in the Russian aviation industry. Question 4: Are there other human factors? The company involved said that the captain was experienced and did not appear to have caused the accident due to human error. The Russian Travel Agency Association said that the Russian Kogarem Airlines passenger plane that crashed on October 31 was carried out by captain Valery Nemov and co-pilot Sergei Trukhachyov. A spokesman for Kogarem Airlines said that the captain of the crashed passenger plane had more than 12000 hours of flying experience, the plane was in normal condition, and the pilot and crew of the crashed passenger plane were experienced. There was "no reason" to attribute the crash to human error. Russian Transport Minister Maxim Sokolov said on October 31 that the cause of the crash of a Russian passenger plane in Egypt can only be confirmed after an international investigation, and Russia will actively participate in this investigation. In addition, Russian authorities also said they were inspecting samples from the plane's last refueling time. Fuel investigation, Wang Yanan said that investigators may be considering whether someone has tampered with the fuel, because if certain impurities are added to the fuel system, it may cause engine power loss and other failures. He said that there are currently reports that the wreckage of the aircraft is mainly scattered in two places, but it is not clear how close it is. This does not mean that the aircraft disintegrated in the air, unless it is scattered in multiple places at a long distance like the MH17, otherwise the aircraft It is likely that it only disintegrated when it hit the ground or at a very low altitude. Wang Yanan said that based on the information currently available, this Russian air crash may still be a high-probability event of a civil aviation air crash, that is, a small technical failure, coupled with an air crash caused by improper human handling. Such an air crash occurred not because of a certain pilot's emotional and psychological problems, nor was it due to loopholes in daily maintenance and support. The final accident occurred the result of a series of small problems, which is a typical cause of an air crash. Inventory: There have been 8 major air crashes around the world in the past two years. In the past two years, there have been continuous air crashes around the world. Major air crashes include: ¡ñ On February 4, 2015, TransAsia Airlines GE235 and ATR72 aircraft crashed near the Keelung River in Nangang, Taiwan shortly after taking off, killing a total of 58 people on board, including three pilots in the cockpit.¡ñ On March 24, 2015, a Germanwings Airbus A320 passenger plane flying from Barcelona, Spain, to Dusseldorf, Germany crashed in southern France, killing all 144 passengers and 6 crew members on board. ¡ñ On June 30, 2015, a C-130 Hercules transport aircraft of the Indonesian Air Force crashed shortly after take-off, killing 122 people on board and missing 7 people on the ground.¡ñ On August 16, 2015, Indonesian Trigana Airlines Flight IL-267 lost contact with the ground about half an hour after taking off from Jayapura, the capital of Papua Province, and was later confirmed to have crashed. All 49 passengers and five crew members on board were killed.¡ñ On February 11, 2014, a military aircraft crashed in Umm Bouadji province in eastern Algeria, killing 77 people. ¡ñ On March 8, 2014, Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 with 239 people on board lost contact with the ground control center en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. Large-scale search operations carried out by many countries in the Indian Ocean have yielded no results. On January 29, 2015, Malaysia announced the crash of Flight MH370, believing that all 239 passengers and crew members on board had been killed.¡ñ On July 17, 2014, a Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 passenger plane carrying 298 people crashed in the Ukraine border area near Russia, killing all people on board. ¡ñ On July 24, 2014, an Algeria Air flight from Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, to Algiers, the capital of Algeria, crashed in neighboring Mali, leaving none of the 116 people on board alive. Soviet civil aviation disaster ¡ñ Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 is a regular flight operated by Tatarstan Airlines from Moscow, Russia, to Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan. This flight crashed at Kazan International Airport at 19:20 local time on November 17, 2013, killing all 44 passengers and 6 crew members. ¡ñS7 Airlines Flight 778 is a scheduled S7 Airlines flight from Moscow, the capital of Russia, to Irkutsk. On July 9, 2006, an A310 passenger plane numbered F-OGYP flew on the flight. It slipped off the runway while landing at Irkutsk Airport, crashed into a group of bungalows and exploded into flames, killing 124 people. It was the third largest air disaster involving the A310 passenger plane. Aeroflot Flight 593 was a Russian airliner that crashed in the early hours of March 23, 1994, en route from Moscow Sheremetyev International Airport to Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong, aboard Aeroflot Airbus A310-304. All 75 crew members and passengers on board were killed.¡ñ Civil Aviation Flight 3352 of the Soviet Union was a domestic flight from Krasnodar, the Soviet Union, to Novosibirsk, stopping in Omsk. On October 11, 1984, a Tu-154 passenger plane numbered CCCP-85243 crashed while flying from Krasnodar to Omsk, killing 174 people on board and 4 people on the ground. It was the most important air disaster in Russian history.¡ñ The aircraft involved in the 1979 Dniproderzhinsk collision was the Russian Airlines Operation Tu-134AK, registration number CCCP-65735, operating the Donetsk-Minsk scheduled passenger route, flying at an altitude of 8400 meters (27600 feet) with 84 passengers. The other aircraft is Moldova Airlines Tu-134A, registration number CCCP-65816, operated by the Chelyabinsk-Voronezh-Chisinau scheduled passenger route, flying at the same altitude as the Tu-134AK, including 88 passengers and 6 crew members.¡ñ The Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 964 crash was a scheduled flight between David IV and Kutaisi International Airport and Domodedovo International Airport. On October 13, 1973, a Tu-104 passenger plane crashed near Domodedovo International Airport, killing 122 passengers. ¡ñ Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 3932 was a regular Soviet Civil Aviation flight between Omsk Airport and Kolizovo Airport. On September 30, 1973, a Tu-104 passenger plane crashed near Sverdlovsk Airport, killing 108 passengers. ¡ñ The crash of Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 217 occurred on October 13, 1972. At that time, a Soviet Civil Aviation Il-62 numbered CCCP-86671 carried out this unscheduled charter flight from Paris-Orly Airport in France to Moscow via Leningrad in the Soviet Union. It crashed 11 kilometers north of Sheremetyevo Airport when landing at Sheremetyevo International Airport, killing all 164 passengers and 10 crew members. The incident was the deadliest aviation accident at the time, but the record was broken less than three months later by the Kano air disaster in Nigeria (176 people died). The crash was the second most serious accident involving Il-62, second only to LOT Polish Airlines Flight 5055 (183 people killed), and the second deadliest aviation accident in Russia, second only to Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 3352 (178 people killed).On October 31, 2015 (September 19, 2015 in the lunar calendar), a Russian passenger plane crashed in Egypt. According to Russian media local time on October 31, 2015, a Russian passenger plane carrying more than 200 people crashed on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. According to multiple foreign media sources, the extremist organization "Islamic State"(IS) claimed responsibility for the passenger plane crash. On the 31st local time, a Kogalymavia passenger plane flying from Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, to St. Petersburg, Russia, crashed on the Sinai Peninsula. The passenger plane model is Airbus A321 with flight number 9268. According to previous reports, the plane was carrying 217 passengers and 7 crew members, all Russian. However, according to the latest Egyptian official news, there were 214 Russian citizens and 3 Ukraine citizens on board. No one survived the crashed passenger plane. Egyptian Prime Minister Sharif Ismail said at a press conference held on the evening of the 31st that the black box of the Russian crashed passenger plane had been found and the bodies of 129 victims had been found. The extremist organization "Islamic State"(IS) at the crash site claimed responsibility for the passenger plane crash. The BBC quoted experts as pointing out that although there are indeed shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles in the IS-controlled Sinai province of Egypt, the Russian passenger plane The flying altitude is 31000 feet, about 9450 meters, which is beyond the range of any shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile. Reuters quoted sources as saying that preliminary investigations showed that the passenger plane crashed due to technical problems. Russian Satellite Network said that an inspection of the aircraft showed that the crash was caused by a technical failure. CCTV previously reported that the crash site was a war zone and was controlled by IS, and Egypt banned media access. Egypt and Russia are investigating the cause of the passenger plane crash. An Egyptian security official said that excluding the factor of "terrorist attack", the crash was "caused by a technical failure." According to a report by CNN on the 4th, U.S. intelligence analysis showed that the crash of a Russian passenger plane on the Sinai Peninsula was most likely caused by the extremist organization "Islamic State" placing a bomb on the plane. Technical failure reported before loss On October 31, local time, a Kogalymavia passenger plane flying from Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, to St. Petersburg, Russia, crashed on the Sinai Peninsula. The passenger aircraft model is Airbus A321 and flight number is 7K9268. There were more than 200 passengers and 7 crew members on board, 17 of whom were children. There were no China passengers on the crashed Russian passenger plane. Egypt's civil aviation authority said the passenger plane disappeared from radar 23 minutes after taking off, at an altitude of about 9400 meters. The wreckage of the passenger plane was subsequently found in a sparsely populated mountainous area in the Hassana area of the Sinai Peninsula. Some Egyptian officials said the crash site was about 100 kilometers south of the town of Ashri in North Sinai Province. Egyptian security services said the plane crashed in mountainous areas and there was no evidence that the plane was shot down. According to Russian media reports, Egypt's Sharm el-Sheikh Airport said yesterday that the captain of the crashed Russian passenger plane had contacted the ground shortly after the plane took off, notified the plane that there was a technical problem, and requested a change of route to land in Cairo. "Military aircraft found the wreckage of the crashed plane in a mountainous area, and 45 ambulances have been dispatched there," the Egyptian government said in a statement. Egypt said that at present, the black box of the Russian crashed passenger plane has been found and the bodies of 129 victims have been found. An Egyptian security official at the crash site told reporters via phone that most of the passengers may have been killed. "I see this tragic scene now. Many bodies were scattered on the ground, and some were strapped to seats with seat belts but had passed away. The official, who declined to be named, said: "The crashed plane broke into two sections, and the tail part was smaller and showed signs of burning. The larger part hit the rock. We have recovered at least 100 bodies, and the remains of the rest are still in the aircraft." Exhumation of the remains has begun. According to Egyptian and Russian authorities, no one survived on board. Russia has begun collecting DNA samples from relatives of the victims. Russia mourned today the Russian Travel Agents Association said that the Russian Kogarem Airlines passenger plane that crashed on October 31 was carried by captain Valery Nemov and co-pilot Sergei Trukhachyov. The report also said that each person on board the crashed passenger plane will receive compensation of approximately 2 million rubles from the insurance company. Russian President Vladimir Putin announced November 1 as a national day of mourning to mourn the crew of the crashed Russian passenger plane. Question 1: Why did the plane "crash at 9000 meters"? Falling 1524 meters 21 seconds before the loss; Or the time between the aircraft and the cruising altitude is reduced after loss of pressure. Due to the relatively high accident rate, this period is called the "high-risk time". However, many experts such as Wang Yanan, editor-in-chief of Aviation Knowledge magazine, Wang Guangqiu, deputy director of the Beijing Research Center of Comac China, believe that the plane involved in the accident had reached 9000 meters when it lost contact, which was close to the cruising altitude of 10,000 meters, and was not considered a "high-risk time." Wang Guangqiu said,"In theory, the higher the altitude, the safer it is, because the more time left for the pilot to operate and process. According to foreign media reports, the plane fell 1524 meters in 21 seconds. Due to the "vertical landing" before the crash, large pieces of debris were burned. Wang Yanan believes that this speed is obviously a rapid falling speed. He analyzed that this descent speed was most likely caused by the pilot performing some operation. "For example, a pilot may operate the aircraft to descend quickly after discovering a loss of cabin pressure, because passengers can survive at a low altitude." He said that media reported that the plane had contacted the ground after taking off and said that there was a problem and needed to land in Egypt, but the pilot did not explain the specific problem. "This is a pity. It is still impossible to judge what caused such a rapid decline." According to foreign media reports, in the past week, the crew of the crashed passenger plane has repeatedly reported problems starting the passenger plane's engine. Wang Yanan said that if both engines fail, the plane can still glide in the air. If you glide down from cruising altitude, you will have about 15 minutes to make operational adjustments. Wang Guangqiu judged that the aircraft was in an unstable "stall" state at the time of the incident and the aircraft was out of control. Wang Yanan said that according to media reports, judging from the distribution of debris, the plane had a forced impact, which means that the entire plane fell to the ground and there was no explosion or disintegration in the air. The reasons remain to be investigated. Question 2: Can terrorist attacks be ruled out? Russian Transport Minister Maxim Sokolov told the media that the passenger plane was flying above the range of the shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile in response to the IS organization's statement,"The statement is incorrect." Egyptian army spokesman Mohammed Samiya also refuted to the media, saying that "they can make whatever statements they want." But so far, there is no evidence that terrorists caused the air crash. The Sinai Peninsula, where the crash occurred, is located on Egypt's border with the Palestinian Gaza Strip and Israel. In recent months, the Egyptian military has launched military operations in this strip to combat a group that supports the extremist organization "Islamic State." Li Shaoxian, an expert on Middle East issues, said that extremist organizations in the Sinai Peninsula had received funding from IS organizations, but the extremist organizations had long been entrenched in the northern Sinai Peninsula rather than in the crash area. According to foreign media reports, IS-controlled Egypt's Sinai Province has shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles. Wang Yanan said that the plane was at an altitude of 9000 meters when it lost contact, exceeding the range of any shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile. Shooting down the plane required medium-and long-range high-firing missiles such as the beech that shot down MH17. However, at present, IS does not have the capability of large-scale air defense weapons. He said the most likely way to attack a terrorist attack would be to carry explosives on the plane. If the aircraft is crashed due to explosives, the first explosion point of the explosives will leave unique traces on the aircraft. In addition to breaches and shapes, residues can also be detected through chemical testing. Moreover, judging from the current wreckage, the explosion was not very powerful, only a small breach was left. Al Jazeera reported that the weather at the crash site was good and the possibility of the passenger plane crashing due to weather conditions should be ruled out. In addition, the passenger plane deviates from its route during flight may be due to the passenger plane's own technical conditions, crew operations or other reasons. Question 3: What is the safety record of the aircraft involved? There was an organic tail collision; the company involved was suspected of violating safety regulations. The Beijing News reporter learned from the Aviation Safety Network that the crashed A321 began its first test flight on May 9, 1997. When the plane landed at Cairo Airport in the capital of Egypt in 2001, a tail collision occurred. Yesterday, Javier Tetelman, a former French pilot and French aircraft safety expert, publicly stated that the tail impact may have been a cause of the aircraft's mechanical failure. He said that a China B-747 aircraft had a plane crash 22 years later due to a tail impact. An inquiry by a Beijing News reporter found that the air crash mentioned by Tetelman was caused by China Airlines Flight 611 in 2002. The cause of the accident was that in 1980, the tail fin of the aircraft hit the ground during a landing. Since then, the aircraft has not been completely repaired, resulting in metal fatigue and structural damage to the aircraft. The above-mentioned aircraft involved is owned by Russia's Kogarem Airlines. The company was established in 1993 and is headquartered in the oil-producing town of Kogarem in Russia. It is mainly engaged in scheduled and charter air transportation. According to relevant websites, the company had an air crash in 2011, killing 3 people and injuring more than 50 others. The Russian transportation department said that during the last regular inspection of the airline involved, it was found to have violated safety regulations, and the Russian authorities have launched a criminal investigation into it for "violations of airworthiness and preparation regulations." The aircraft involved in this accident is 18 years old. In response to this, Wang Guangqiu said that this is normal use time. As long as the aircraft is maintained strictly in accordance with the requirements, there will be no problem with it. According to CCTV reports, the company involved does not have fixed flights and will take off as soon as there are enough people. Small companies use old aircraft for charter services, which is a current situation in the Russian aviation industry. Question 4: Are there other human factors? The company involved said that the captain was experienced and did not appear to have caused the accident due to human error. The Russian Travel Agency Association said that the Russian Kogarem Airlines passenger plane that crashed on October 31 was carried out by captain Valery Nemov and co-pilot Sergei Trukhachyov. A spokesman for Kogarem Airlines said that the captain of the crashed passenger plane had more than 12000 hours of flying experience, the plane was in normal condition, and the pilot and crew of the crashed passenger plane were experienced. There was "no reason" to attribute the crash to human error. Russian Transport Minister Maxim Sokolov said on October 31 that the cause of the crash of a Russian passenger plane in Egypt can only be confirmed after an international investigation, and Russia will actively participate in this investigation. In addition, Russian authorities also said they were inspecting samples from the plane's last refueling time. Fuel investigation, Wang Yanan said that investigators may be considering whether someone has tampered with the fuel, because if certain impurities are added to the fuel system, it may cause engine power loss and other failures. He said that there are currently reports that the wreckage of the aircraft is mainly scattered in two places, but it is not clear how close it is. This does not mean that the aircraft disintegrated in the air, unless it is scattered in multiple places at a long distance like the MH17, otherwise the aircraft It is likely that it only disintegrated when it hit the ground or at a very low altitude. Wang Yanan said that based on the information currently available, this Russian air crash may still be a high-probability event of a civil aviation air crash, that is, a small technical failure, coupled with an air crash caused by improper human handling. Such an air crash occurred not because of a certain pilot's emotional and psychological problems, nor was it due to loopholes in daily maintenance and support. The final accident occurred the result of a series of small problems, which is a typical cause of an air crash. Inventory: There have been 8 major air crashes around the world in the past two years. In the past two years, there have been continuous air crashes around the world. Major air crashes include: ¡ñ On February 4, 2015, TransAsia Airlines GE235 and ATR72 aircraft crashed near the Keelung River in Nangang, Taiwan shortly after taking off, killing a total of 58 people on board, including three pilots in the cockpit.¡ñ On March 24, 2015, a Germanwings Airbus A320 passenger plane flying from Barcelona, Spain, to Dusseldorf, Germany crashed in southern France, killing all 144 passengers and 6 crew members on board. ¡ñ On June 30, 2015, a C-130 Hercules transport aircraft of the Indonesian Air Force crashed shortly after take-off, killing 122 people on board and missing 7 people on the ground.¡ñ On August 16, 2015, Indonesian Trigana Airlines Flight IL-267 lost contact with the ground about half an hour after taking off from Jayapura, the capital of Papua Province, and was later confirmed to have crashed. All 49 passengers and five crew members on board were killed.¡ñ On February 11, 2014, a military aircraft crashed in Umm Bouadji province in eastern Algeria, killing 77 people. ¡ñ On March 8, 2014, Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 with 239 people on board lost contact with the ground control center en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. Large-scale search operations carried out by many countries in the Indian Ocean have yielded no results. On January 29, 2015, Malaysia announced the crash of Flight MH370, believing that all 239 passengers and crew members on board had been killed.¡ñ On July 17, 2014, a Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 passenger plane carrying 298 people crashed in the Ukraine border area near Russia, killing all people on board. ¡ñ On July 24, 2014, an Algeria Air flight from Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, to Algiers, the capital of Algeria, crashed in neighboring Mali, leaving none of the 116 people on board alive. Soviet civil aviation disaster ¡ñ Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 is a regular flight operated by Tatarstan Airlines from Moscow, Russia, to Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan. This flight crashed at Kazan International Airport at 19:20 local time on November 17, 2013, killing all 44 passengers and 6 crew members. ¡ñS7 Airlines Flight 778 is a scheduled S7 Airlines flight from Moscow, the capital of Russia, to Irkutsk. On July 9, 2006, an A310 passenger plane numbered F-OGYP flew on the flight. It slipped off the runway while landing at Irkutsk Airport, crashed into a group of bungalows and exploded into flames, killing 124 people. It was the third largest air disaster involving the A310 passenger plane. Aeroflot Flight 593 was a Russian airliner that crashed in the early hours of March 23, 1994, en route from Moscow Sheremetyev International Airport to Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong, aboard Aeroflot Airbus A310-304. All 75 crew members and passengers on board were killed.¡ñ Civil Aviation Flight 3352 of the Soviet Union was a domestic flight from Krasnodar, the Soviet Union, to Novosibirsk, stopping in Omsk. On October 11, 1984, a Tu-154 passenger plane numbered CCCP-85243 crashed while flying from Krasnodar to Omsk, killing 174 people on board and 4 people on the ground. It was the most important air disaster in Russian history.¡ñ The aircraft involved in the 1979 Dniproderzhinsk collision was the Russian Airlines Operation Tu-134AK, registration number CCCP-65735, operating the Donetsk-Minsk scheduled passenger route, flying at an altitude of 8400 meters (27600 feet) with 84 passengers. The other aircraft is Moldova Airlines Tu-134A, registration number CCCP-65816, operated by the Chelyabinsk-Voronezh-Chisinau scheduled passenger route, flying at the same altitude as the Tu-134AK, including 88 passengers and 6 crew members.¡ñ The Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 964 crash was a scheduled flight between David IV and Kutaisi International Airport and Domodedovo International Airport. On October 13, 1973, a Tu-104 passenger plane crashed near Domodedovo International Airport, killing 122 passengers. ¡ñ Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 3932 was a regular Soviet Civil Aviation flight between Omsk Airport and Kolizovo Airport. On September 30, 1973, a Tu-104 passenger plane crashed near Sverdlovsk Airport, killing 108 passengers. ¡ñ The crash of Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 217 occurred on October 13, 1972. At that time, a Soviet Civil Aviation Il-62 numbered CCCP-86671 carried out this unscheduled charter flight from Paris-Orly Airport in France to Moscow via Leningrad in the Soviet Union. It crashed 11 kilometers north of Sheremetyevo Airport when landing at Sheremetyevo International Airport, killing all 164 passengers and 10 crew members. The incident was the deadliest aviation accident at the time, but the record was broken less than three months later by the Kano air disaster in Nigeria (176 people died). The crash was the second most serious accident involving Il-62, second only to LOT Polish Airlines Flight 5055 (183 people killed), and the second deadliest aviation accident in Russia, second only to Soviet Civil Aviation Flight 3352 (178 people killed).