Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (September 23, 63 BC-August 19, 14 AD), Gaius Octavianus, also known as Augustus, was the founding monarch of the Roman Empire and ruled Rome for 43 years.

Octavian is generally believed to be one of the greatest Roman emperors. Although he maintained the superficial form of the Roman Republic, he ruled Rome as a dictator for more than 40 years. He ended a century of civil war and entered the Roman Empire into a long period of glory of peace and prosperity. Historians often call him by his title "Augustus"(meaning veneration). He acquired the title in 27 BC, when he was 36 years old.

Octavian, the nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar, was officially designated as Caesar's heir. In 43 BC, he formed a three-headed alliance with Mark Antony and Lepidus to defeat the republican nobles who assassinated Julius Caesar.

In the first 36 years, he stripped Leipida of his military power, then defeated Anthony at the Battle of Aktu, eliminated the Ptolemaic Dynasty in ancient Egypt, and began to control all national power after returning to Rome. In the first 30 years, he was recognized as a "Tribune for Life", and in the first 29 years, he was awarded the title of "Grand Marshal"; in the first 28 years, he was awarded the title of "Augustus"(meaning sacred and supreme), establishing an autocratic state of state and creating the Roman Empire. In August 14 AD, after his death, the Roman Senate decided to include him in the ranks of "gods" and called August the month of "Augustus", which was also the source of August in European languages.

Portrait of Augustus: A careful depiction of the famous bronze statue at the First Gate. Immediately after his death, Augustus was included in the ranks of gods and was personified. Both his pseudonym Caesar and his title Augustus became permanent titles for Roman rulers for the next four hundred years. The Byzantine Empire still used this title 1,400 years later. The Kaiser and Tsar of the early 20th century both derived from his name. Until Constantine the Great established Christianity as the state religion in the fourth century, the God Augustus remained a cult icon of the Romans. Therefore, people can still see many exquisite statues and busts of Augustus today. The tomb of Augustus also originally had bronze columns engraved with the words "Res Gestae Divi Augusti"(The Works of God Augustus).

Many people consider Augustus to be the greatest emperor of Rome. Its policy undoubtedly greatly extended the life of Rome and ushered in the golden age of Rome, namely the "Peace of Rome"(or "Peace of Augustus"). Augustus had a graceful demeanor, dignified appearance, alert, high understanding, and ability to decide on major issues. He was a very cunning political genius. But he was not as radiant as his adoptive father Caesar or his rival Anthony. Augustus's reputation was not as loud as these two men. Although he was more often confused with Julius Caesar, his legacy was more lasting than that of the other two.

The lunar order of August (Latin Augustus, the Roman month of June) was named after Augustus; before this it was called Sextillis (Latin for six).

Looking back at Augustus's reign and his legacy to Rome, his longevity cannot be ignored. This was one of the key factors in the longevity of the monarchy he began. His subjects were unaware of any other institutions besides the Principate. If he had died early (for example, 23 years ago), things might have been very different. The years of civil war during the oligarchy of the Roman Republic and the longevity of Augustus were decisive factors in Rome's transition from a republic to a monarchy. Augustus's personal city, patience, skill, and his political prestige also played a role. His creation influenced later imperial policy in many ways: maintaining a standing army and keeping it on the side, the principles and methods of succession to the throne, and using the emperor's funds to decorate the capital. His most important legacy was the institution that maintained the peace and prosperity of the empire for the next two hundred years. During the imperial era, his actions were held up as a model for the king. Although subsequent Roman emperors have adopted the title of "Caesar Augustus", only a few really deserve it.

Comments: Great empire builder!