On this day, 234 years ago, August 22, 1791 (July 23, 1791 in the lunar calendar), Haiti slaves held an armed uprising. On August 22, 1791, Haiti slaves held an armed uprising. In October, Toussaint Louvitour led more than 1000 slaves to join the uprising, and the revolutionary fire quickly burned throughout northern Haiti. In the spring of 1793, the Spanish colonial authorities in the eastern part of Haiti Island colluded with the British colonial army and took the opportunity to invade the western part of Haiti Island. Toussaint Louvitur and others led the uprising army to join the Spanish army, jointly attack the French army, and occupy a large area of land in northern Haiti. The rebels demanded that Spain abolish slavery in the occupied areas, but were rejected. After the Jacobins in France came to power, they announced the abolition of slavery in Haiti. On May 6, 1794, Toussaint Louvitour turned to join forces with the French army to drive the Spanish army out of northern Haiti and announce the abolition of slavery in the occupied areas. In 1796, Toussaint Louviture was appointed deputy governor of the French army. In 1798, the rebels launched an attack on the British troops stationed in western Haiti, approaching Port-au-Prince and driving out the British Intervention Force. At the same time, Toussaint Louvitre led the insurrectionary army into Cap-Haitien, the French colonial capital, forcing the French governor and commissioners to leave Haiti, and basically freeing Haiti from French colonial rule. In January 1801, the rebels invaded Spanish Santo Domingo (east of Haitien), occupied the city of Santo Domingo, expelled the Spanish colonial governor, and unified the entire Haitien. On July 1, 1801, Haiti promulgated its first constitution, declaring the permanent abolition of slavery, all residents are equal before the law, private property is inviolable, and freedom of trade is promoted. Toussaint Louvitour served as president for life and had the right to choose a successor. In December, Napoleon Bonaparte appointed C.- V.- E. Leclerc was commander of the French Expeditionary Force, leading a fleet of 54 warships and 30,000 soldiers on an expedition to Haiti. On February 2 of the following year, they arrived at Cap-Haitien. The rebels burned Cap-Haitien. Soon, in order to escape the siege of the French army, the rebels retreated to the interior and coastal mountains. Toussaint Louviture was forced to negotiate peace with the French army. In June 1802, Leclerc schemed to arrest Toussaint Louviture and escort him to France. The Haiti launched a powerful offensive to wipe out the French Expeditionary Force. On November 18, 1803, the last French fortress, Fortiès, was captured and the French army was forced to surrender. During this expedition, the French army lost a total of 35,000 people. On November 29, Haiti officially announced the Declaration of Independence. On January 1 of the following year, Dessalin officially declared the independence of Haiti in Gonaïves and changed Santo Domingo to the traditional Indian name, Haiti. DeSalim was president for life. It created the first independent black state in Latin America.