On this day, 41 years ago, on November 19, 1984 (October 27, 1984 in the lunar calendar), China's first Antarctic expedition set out. Xiangyanghong 10 carried members of the first Antarctic expedition team on the Pacific Ocean. On November 19, 1984, the first Antarctic expedition team sent by the China Antarctic Expedition Commission set off from Shanghai on the "Xiangyanghong 10" and went to Antarctica and the South Pacific for comprehensive scientific inspections. The expedition team consisted of 519 people from more than 60 units across the country. After more than 20 days of sea sailing, it arrived in Antarctica on December 26. On February 25, 1985, China's Antarctic Great Wall Station was completed. The station is located on the east bank of Fields Peninsula at the southern tip of George Island. It is a year-round wintering station. China became the 18th country to establish a scientific research station in Antarctica. The expedition team conducted inspections in 23 projects in 6 disciplines including marine biology, hydrology, geology, meteorology, geophysics, and marine environment in Antarctica and the South Pacific, and achieved 14 breakthrough results. The expedition lasted for 142 days and had a range of 49,000 kilometers. New China Archives: Polar Scientific Research Antarctic is a clean continent that has not yet been developed and polluted on earth. It contains countless scientific mysteries and information, and contains rich resources and energy. Currently, 28 countries in the world, individually or jointly, establish and operate 72 scientific expeditions in Antarctica. Over the past 20 years, China has made great progress in its Antarctic scientific research. On June 8, 1983, my country joined the Antarctic Treaty as a party. Since organizing and implementing my country's first Antarctic scientific expedition in 1984/85, it has carried out 25 scientific research activities, and successively built the Great Wall, Zhongshan and Kunlun Expedition Stations. On November 19, 1984, China's first Antarctic expedition team began a history-making voyage from Shanghai aboard my country's home-made ocean-going research vessel "Xiangyanghong 10" and the naval salvage rescue vessel "J121". In December 1984, the expedition team arrived on King George Island. In February 1985, my country's first Antarctic scientific research station, the Great Wall Station, was completed, ending the history of China having no research station in the Antarctic, and achieving the feat of wintering inspections that year when the station was established. From November 20, 1988 to April 10, 1989, China launched its fifth Antarctic scientific expedition. The expedition consists of two parts: China's first East Antarctic expedition team and the Great Wall Station expedition team. The main task of the first East Antarctic expedition is to establish an expedition base on the East Antarctic continent-Zhongshan Station in China's Antarctic. The expedition team held a groundbreaking ceremony for the Zhongshan Station in the Antarctic of China on January 26, 1989. On February 26, the Zhongshan Station was completed and held a inauguration ceremony. Starting from February 27, 1989, it wintering and conducting winter scientific surveys at Zhongshan Station for the first time. On July 28, 1989, my country selected Comrade Qin Dahe to participate in the international hiking crossing Antarctic scientific expedition composed of six members from six countries: China, France, the United States, the former Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and Japan. Starting from the Seal Rock of the Larsen Ice Shelf at the top of the Antarctic Peninsula, it began a world-renowned great feat of scientific expedition across the Antarctic on foot for more than seven months, and arrived at the South Pole on December 12 of that year. From October 25, 2004 to February 18, 2005, my country conducted a scientific inspection of the "Dome A" area, the highest point of the Antarctic ice sheet, for the first time during the 21st Antarctic scientific expedition. In April 2008, my country's scientists completed the 24th Antarctic expedition, focusing on the three major goals of the construction and location of the Antarctic inland station, the China Action Plan for the International Polar Year, and the 10th Five-Year Plan of polar expedition capacity building., fruitful inspection results have been achieved. During this scientific expedition, he successfully climbed the "Ice Dome A" area at an altitude of 4093 meters, the highest point of the Antarctic inland ice sheet for the second time, and carried out a site selection system survey within the 900 square kilometers where it is most likely to build a station. A large number of basic data and key information were obtained, laying the foundation and basis for the site selection and project construction of inland stations in my country. The 25th Antarctic Expedition was completed from October 2008 to April 2009. During this inspection, my country established China's first Antarctic inland research station-Kunlun Station, on February 2, 2009, in the "Dome A" area, the highest point of the Antarctic inland ice sheet, realizing the new leap in China's Antarctic expedition from the Antarctic continental margin to the Antarctic inland. It also made China the first developing country to build a station in the Antarctic inland. The unique geographical location and natural environment of the Arctic region make it, like the Antarctic region, occupy a pivotal position in global change research and become an important field of scientific investigation. Therefore, strengthening scientific inspections and research in the Arctic region has become a major topic of great concern to many countries. Our country is located in the northern hemisphere and has close relations with the Arctic. Since 1999, it has carried out three Arctic Ocean and six Arctic Yellow River station scientific expeditions, accumulating a large amount of basic data. From July to September 1999, the State Oceanic Administration organized and carried out my country's first Arctic scientific expedition, relying on the "Snow Dragon" ship to carry out multidisciplinary comprehensive inspections in the fields of ocean, atmosphere, biology and other fields in the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and other sea areas. From July to September 2003, the State Oceanic Administration organized and implemented my country's second Arctic scientific expedition. The "Snow Dragon" ship successfully crossed 80 ° N and carried out ocean, ice and snow in sea areas such as the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, and Canadian Basin., three-dimensional comprehensive observation of multi-disciplinary subjects such as atmosphere, biology, geology, etc. From July to September 2008, my country organized and carried out the third Arctic scientific expedition. This expedition was also the most extensive, the most comprehensive expedition project completed, and the highest latitude reached in the history of China's Arctic scientific expedition. On July 28, 2004, my country's first Arctic scientific research station in the New Olsson area of Spitsbergen Islands in Norway-the China Arctic Yellow River Station was officially completed and opened. This is China's first Arctic scientific research base and an interdisciplinary, multi-functional, open comprehensive inspection and research platform. As an effective supplement to my country's ship-based Arctic Ocean expedition, its completion can firmly support China's long-term and in-depth multidisciplinary research and research on major scientific issues in the Arctic region, effectively improve China's contribution to global change science, and actively promote the development of understanding of the impact of the Arctic region and China's natural environmental systems. Since the completion and opening of the Yellow River Station, my country has sent scientific research teams every year to carry out long-term observations and scientific research in the atmosphere, high-altitude physics, glaciers, oceans, geology and environment. (Xinhuanet)